A Rare Case of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with Anti-GBM Vasculitis, and Review of Current Literature

Table 1

Case reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in patients given cyclophosphamide.

Case reports	Demographics	Rheumatological condition	Laboratory investigations	Treatments given	MRI findings
Chang-Hoon Lee et al. [30]	42-year-old female	SLE	Cr: 2.68 mg/dl, BUN: 41.7 mg/dl	Cyclophosphamide, steroids, anticonvulsive and antihypertensive medications	T2 hyperintensities involving the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes, frontal lobes, and basal ganglia
Jabrane et al. [28]	16-year-old female	SLE	BUN: 58 mg/dl, CrCl: 5 ml/min, Proteinuria 2.5 g/day	Cyclophosphamide, steroids	T2 hyperintensities on bilateral occipital lobes
Zekić et al. [25]	18-year-old female	SLE	Proteinuria 2.7 g/day	Cyclophosphamide, steroids	T2 hyperintensities involving the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes and right frontal lobe
Jayaweera et al. [27]	33-year-old female	SLE	Cr: 5.79 mg/dl	Cyclophosphamide, steroids, midazolam, phenytoin, valproate, topiramate	T2 hyperintensities on bilateral occipital lobes
Abenza-Abilua et al. [29]	27-year-old male	Anti-GBM disease	Cr: 8.50 mg/dl, BUN: 149 mg/dl, CrCl: 6 ml/min	Cyclophosphamide, steroids	T2 hyperintensities involving the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes
Di Pan et al. [26]	22-year old female	Sjogren’s syndrome	Cr: 1.47 mg/dl, BUN: 41.7 mg/dl	Cyclophosphamide, steroids	T2 hyperintensities involving the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes and cerebellum

MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; SLE, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Anti-GBM, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane; Cr, Creatinine; BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen; CrCl, Creatinine Clearance.