Prenatal Diagnosis of Cardiac Diverticulum with Pericardial Effusion in the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Resolution after Early Pericardiocentesis

Table 3

Management and outcomes of the cases with cardiac diverticulum and pericardial effusion.

	Reference	GA PE	GA Di	Loc.	Size (mm)	Intervention	PE findings	Prenatal progression	Postnatal progression
1	Carles et al. [24]	13	—	Apex LV	—	TOP 14 w	—	—	—
2	Cesko et al. [25]	17	AP	Apex RV	3 mm	TOP 22 w	—	—	—
3	McAuliffe et al. [27]	14	14	Apex RV	2-3 mm	TOP	—	—	—
4	Cavallé-Garrido et al. [6]	19	—	RV	3 mm	No	—	Spontaneous resolution at 34 w	Asymptomatic at 22 months
5	Cavallé-Garrido et al. [6]	20	—	LV lateral wall below mitral valve	Large	No	—	Prenatal fetal death at 26 w, trisomy 18	—
6	Prefumo et al. [1]	12	12	Apex LV	1 mm	No	—	Spontaneous resolution, effusion disappeared at 14 weeks; CD was not visible on ultrasound examination from week 21	Asymptomatic at birth effusion or diverticulum not visible; asymptomatic at 17 months’ follow-up
7	McAuliffe et al. [27]	13	13	Apex RV	5 × 5 mm	No	—	Spontaneous resolution; CD did not grow Perimembranous IVC	IVC and IAC (postnatal); asymptomatic up to 3 months of age; surgical treatment; asymptomatic at 8 months of age
8	Pradhan et al. [28]	20	20	Apex RV	—	No	—	Spontaneous resolution CD did not grow	Surgical treatment at birth
9	McAuliffe et al. [27]	21	24	RV lateral wall	7 × 10 mm	No	—	Fetal death on week 29	—
10	Perlitz et al. [30]	19	19	Apex LV	—	No	—	No control performed	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 10 months of age; heart murmur; no treatment
11	Cavallé-Garrido et al. [6]	19	—	Apex RV	—	PC 20 w	—	No PE relapse, CD did not grow	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 12 months of age
12	Carles et al. [24]	19	19	Apex RV	3 mm	PC 20 w	7 cm^3 yellow fluid, 20 gr/L proteins (transudate), acellular	No PE relapse, CD did not grow	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 16 months of age; no treatment
13	Cesko et al. [25]	22	AP	Pared lateral LV	10 × 5 mm	PC 25 w	25 mL old blood fluid	Intrauterine fetal death at 26 weeks (CD rupture)	—
14	Brachlow et al. [23]	13	13	Apex RV	4 × 6 mm	PC 16 w	3 mL serohematic fluid, 18 gr/L proteins (transudate), lymphocytes, and mesothelial cells	No PE relapse or enlarging; CD was not visible on week 37	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 10 months of age; no treatment
15	Brachlow et al. [23]	13	13	Apex RV	4 × 3 mm	PC 14 w	0.8 mL serohematic fluid, 15 gr/L proteins (transudate)	No PE relapse; CD did not grow	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 8 months of age; no treatment
16	Prefumo et al. [1]	14	14	Apex RV	5 × 5 mm	PC 16 w	5 mL clear fluid	No PE relapse; CD did not grow; mild cardiomegaly	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 22 months of age; no treatment
17	Gradiner et al. [19]	14	14	Apex RV	2-3 mm	PC 14 w	2 mL yellow fluid	No PE relapse; CD did not grow	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic; no treatment
18	Carrard et al. [32]	13	15	Apex RV	2.6 × 2.9	PC 17 w	4 mL clear fluid, 21 g/L proteins (transudate)	No PE relapse; diverticulum was not visible from week 26 on	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at 11 months of age; no treatment
19	Williams et al. [3]	21	21	Apex RV	5 × 4.5	PC 24 w	Yellow fluid 10 mL, 15.4 g/L proteins (transudate), lymphocytes	Complete resolution one week after PC CD did not grow	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at one year of age; no treatment
20	Barberato et al. [29]	16	16	—	—	PC 20 w	Blood-stained fluid	Moderate growth of PE size as compared with postpuncture effusion; expectant approach Intrauterine fetal death on week 37	—
21	Abi-Nader et al. [2]	12	22	Apex RV		PC 18 w	—	Relapse one week later and subsequent spontaneous resolution on weeks 32-33	—
22	Our case	12	14	Apex RV	2 mm	PC 17 w	Clear yellow fluid, acellular, transudate	No PE relapse; CD did not grow; moderate cardiomegaly	Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at birth; treatment with ASA; asymptomatic at 4 years of age

GA PE: gestational age at pericardial effusion; GA di: gestational age at diverticulum diagnosis; RV: right ventriculum, LV: left ventriculum; w: weeks of pregnancy; PC: pericardiocentesis; CD: cardiac diverticulum; IVC: interventricular communication; PE: pericardial effusion.