Endometriosis in a Man as a Rare Source of Abdominal Pain: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Reported cases of endometriosis in males.

Source	Age	Risk factors	Clinical presentation	Immunohistochemistry	Location, size	Treatment	Followup
Beckman et al. [1]	78	Prolonged estrogen therapy	Not reported	Not reported	Prostatic urethral crest	Not reported	Not reported
González et al. [2]	52	Cirrhosis, spironolactone use, 2x inguinal hernia repair	Stabbing pelvic pain	Epithelium: ER+, PR+; Stroma: CD10+	R. inguinal area, attached to bladder serosa, 2.5 cm	Surgical resection	Not reported
Fukunaga [3]	69	9 years of hormonal therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, 1 year of radiotherapy and chemotherapy	Swelling of the left testis on a routine examination	Vimentin+, CD10+, ER+, PR+	L. paratestis,  cm	Bilateral orchiectomy	Not reported
Giannarini et al. [4]	27	Not reported	2 weeks of postcoital left scrotal pain	ER+, PR+, CK7, 8, 18, 19+, vimentin, CEA, CD10−	Head of the L. epididymis, 1.7 cm	Surgical resection	Asymptomatic at 5 years
Young and Scully [5]	82	3 years of DES for prostatic adenocarcinoma	Palpable firm mass on the tail of the epididymis on routine examination	Not reported	Between vas deferens and testis, close to the tail of the epididymis, 5 cm	Bilateral orchiectomy	Died 9 months later due to metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma
Jabr and Mani [6]	52	Cirrhosis secondary to Hep. C; inguinal hernia repair with mesh	Right lower quadrant pain	ER+, PR+, CD10+	Cystic mass attached to urinary bladder and right inguinal area,  cm	Surgical resection	Asymptomatic
Martin and Hauck [7]	83	TACE therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma	Not reported	Not reported	Lower abdominal wall	Not reported	Not reported
Oliker and Harris [8]	80	Prolonged hormonal therapy	Not reported	Not reported	Bladder	Not reported	Not reported
Pinkert et al. [9]	50	TACE therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma	Hematuria, hydroureter	H&E	Ulceration surrounding trigonal area, bladder muscular wall	Surgical resection, discontinued hormonal therapy	Asymptomatic at 4 years
Tulunay et al. [10]	43	Within clear cell carcinoma of tunica vaginalis	Hemoptysis, abdominal pain, weight loss	H&E	Left paratestis	Left orchiectomy	Died 2 weeks later due to tumor progression
Schrodt et al. [11]	73	5-year hormonal therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma	Right hydronephrosis	Not reported	Right ureterovesical junction	Not reported	Not reported
Simsek et al. [12]	49	Inguinal hernia repair ×3	Intraoperative hernia repair, mass discovered along the spermatic cord	H&E	Left ductus deferens,  cm	Surgical resection	Not reported
Taguchi et al. [13]	74	Radical prostatectomy for prostatic adenocarcinoma; leuprorelin and ethinylestradiol for 5 years	Painless macrohematuria	ER+, PR+, CD10+, PSA−	Left ureteral orifice, 3 cm	Surgical resection, discontinued hormonal therapy	Tumor shrank on imaging; no PSA elevation at 6 months
Zamecnik and Hostakova [14]	46	Obesity, BMI of 31	Cyst found adjacent to seminoma	Epithelium: ER+, PR+, CK5,6,7+, calretinin+, EMA+; Stroma: PR+, calretinin+, CD10+	Within mesothelial cyst of tunica vaginalis; 4 mm focus of endometriosis found in 7 mm cyst	Right-sided orchiectomy	Not reported
Scully [15]	Not reported	Hormonal therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma	Not reported	Not reported	Scrotum	Not reported	Not reported
Scully [15]	Not reported	Hormonal therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma	Not reported	Not reported	Scrotum	Not reported	Not reported
Present case	40	Obesity, BMI of 35.7	Right lower quadrant abdominal pain radiating to the right flank	CK7+, ER+, CD10+, CD15+, GATA-3−	Right vas deferens,  cm	Surgical resection	Asymptomatic at 2 weeks