Maxillary Sinus Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors: A Review and Case Report

Table 1

Literature review: patients with maxillary sinus IMTs 1985 to 2014.

Age/sex	Presentation	MRI/CT reads	IHC stains	Treatment	Outcomes	Citation
22/F	Epistaxis and protrusion of left eye	Paranasal sinuses and L orbit expansion	POS: vimentin, SMA NEG: desmin, ALK-1	Resection, RT, CS, Chemo	Death	[32]
39/M	Nasal obstruction, supraorbital headaches	Vomer and ethmoid plate	NDA	Resection	24-month NED	[14]
16/F	L tinnitus, facial numbness, paresthesias	Sinus walls	NDA	() CS () CS	() Initial regression; recurrence 2 months later, () 2.5-year NED	[10]
39/M	L temporal headache, diplopia, paresthesias	Orbital floor	NDA	CS	1.5-year NED	[10]
27/F	R orbital swelling, trismus, diplopia	Infratemporal fossa, parapharyngeal space	POS: SMA	() Resection, () CS, () methotrexate	NDA	[11]
29/M	L facial numbness; swelling and pain in L maxillary sinus and upper teeth	L maxillary sinus and mild bony destruction	POS: vimentin, SMA, ALK-1 NEG: desmin, pancytokeratin, S100	NDA	NDA	[36]
38/M	Headache, R exopthalmia, R 6th nerve palsy	Invasion of right cavernous sinus, sphenoidal sinus	POS: SMA NEG: ALK-1	() CS, () RT (20 Gy)	2-year NED	[12]
NDA	NDA	NDA	8 cases: 7+ vimentin; 5+ SMA, desmin; 2+ S-100	6/8 partial and 1 complete maxillectomy; 1 no treatment	No recurrence in surgical patients	[37]
88/M	Nasal obstruction and foul smelling discharge	Nasal septum, infraorbital wall, L maxillary antrum	NEG: melanocytic and epithelial markers	Resection	9-month NED	[38]
2/F	Discomfort of R maxillary bone	NDA	NDA	Arterial embolization	5-year NED	[39]
24/M	Pain in L maxillary molars, swelling of L cheek, pulp necrosis of L 2nd molar	Lateral and superior L maxillary sinus walls	POS: SMA, b-catenin NEG: ALK-1, CD34	Resection	15-month NED	[40]
26/M	Diffuse facial pain and swelling, sensitivity in upper-right molar teeth	R medial wall and floor of maxillary sinus	POS: SMA, vimentin NEG: caldesmon, CD-68	() CS, () resection	() Regression, () 24-month NED	[41]
7/F	NDA	Expanding tumor without skull destruction	NDA	Resection	2-year NED	[42]
25/?	Pressure behind R eye, pain and swelling in R maxilla	NDA	NDA	Resection + CS (x2)	6-month NED	[43]
63/?	Pain and swelling of L face, numbness	L posterolateral wall	POS: vimentin NEG: SMA, S100	Resection, RT (50 Gy), Chemo → recurrence; RT (50 Gy)	Death	[44]
54/M	Swelling of L maxillary sinus and lower eyelid	Anterior maxillary sinus and infraorbital wall	POS: SMA, vimentin NEG: CD68, p53, S100	Resection → recurrence, resection	4-month NED	[45]
64/F	Nasal obstruction, epistaxis	Medial sinus wall remodeling	NDA	Resection	24-month NED	[46]
73/F	Vertigo, dysphagia, R retromolar swelling	No invasion	NDA	Incomplete resection + CS	Stable disease	[47]
6/F	Fever, painless swelling L cheek	Maxilla	NDA	CS	Partial regression	[48]
42/F	Nasal polyps	Orbital floor, lateral sinus wall	NDA	CS	Progression	[49]
41/M	Persistent necrotizing infections	Medial sinus wall	NDA	NDA	NDA	[50]
63/M	R facial pain, diplopia	Infraorbital wall, maxillary remodeling	NDA	NDA	NDA	[50]
67/M	Epistaxis	Ethmomaxillary plate	NDA	NDA	NDA	[50]
58/M	Epistaxis, L cheek swelling	Infraorbital wall	NDA	CS	1-month regression	[50]
15/M	R eye pain, R facial swelling, trismus	Orbital floor, medial wall	NDA	() CS + RT, () resection	() Stable disease, () NDA	[50]
48/M	L nasal obstruction	Orbital floors, sinus remodeling	NDA	NDA	NDA	[50]
15/M	R eye pain, R facial swelling, epistaxis	Invasion of medial/lateral sinus walls	NDA	CS	2-month minimal regression	[51]
32/F	Facial pain, R cheek fullness	Invasion of anterolateral sinus wall	NDA	Resection	1-month NED	[52]
13/F	NDA	Invasion of bone	NDA	CS + resection	33-month stable, residual disease	[53]
NDA	NDA	No invasion evident	NDA	CS	Stable disease	[54]
NDA	NDA	Sinus, orbit, anterior cranial fossa invasion	NDA	CS	Stable disease	[54]
NDA	NDA	Sinus, orbit, anterior cranial fossa invasion	NDA	CS	Stable disease	[54]
36/M	Obstruction, trismus	Lateral and posterior walls of nasopharynx	NDA	CS	7-month w/o symptoms, residual pain	[55]
18/M	Obstruction	Invasion into nasal septum and inferior turbinate	Polyclonal kappa and lambda light chains	() Resection → recurred, () RT (40 Gy)	27-month NED	[56]
40/M	NDA	Nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus	NDA	Resection	1.5-month stable, residual disease	[57]
83/M	NDA	Pterygomaxillary fossa	NDA	Resection	26-month NED	[58]
67/M	Dysphagia	Parapharyngeal mass	NDA	CS	4-year NED	[59]
63/F	R cheek swelling	Bone invasion of maxillary sinus	NDA	() RT (50 Gy), () CS, () cytoxan	Partial regression	[59]
55/M	Hypesthesia lower lip and jaw, progressive trismus	No bone or muscular invasion	NDA	Resection	1-year NED	[59]

NDA: no data available; RT: radiotherapy; NED: no evidence of disease; CS: corticosteroids.