West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Patient with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Table 1

Infectious and noninfectious causes of encephalitis.

Infectious causes	Diagnostic tests (CSF, unless indicated)	Noninfectious causes
Viruses
Enteroviruses	PCR	Opiates
HSV-1, HSV-2	PCR	Adverse drug reactions
VZV	PCR, virus-specific antibody	ADEM
EBV	PCR	CNS vasculitis
HIV	Western Blot, ELISA (blood)
WNV	Virus-specific IgM
TBEV	PCR
JEV	Virus-specific IgM
Parasites
Toxoplasma gondii	PCR, culture
Trypanosoma cruzi	PCR, culture
Fungi
Cryptococcus neoformans	India ink, cryptococcal antigen
Histoplasma capsulatum	Serum: CSF antibody
Candida albicans	Culture
Bacteria
MRSA	Culture
Streptococcus	Culture

HSV, Herpes Simplex Virus; VZV, Varicella Zoster Virus; EBV, Epstein-Barr Virus; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; WNV, West Nile Virus; TBEV, tick-borne encephalitis virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pneumonia; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ADEM, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis; CNS, central nervous system.
References: [1–4].