Author Age (range)/sex Dislocated ribs [ Cord impingement Other lesions present Preoperative neurology Operation details Rib heads resection Complications after 1st operation Neurology recovery Flood et al. 1986 [12 ] 13 >2 No Yes Knee and ankle clonus Two-stage vertebral wedge resection with rib excision and fusion. Traction used perioperatively, PSF Yes NR Residual clonus Major and Huizenga 1988 [13 ] 13f 2 No No Transient loss of sensation below the waist and inability to move LL after fall on rib hump Two-stage ASF with RH resection followed by segmental instrumented PSF Yes NR n/a 5f 2 No No No Anterior interbody fusion with RH resection followed by segmental instrumented PSF Yes NR n/a 11m 1 No No No Posterior fusion with RH resection Yes NR n/a Deguchi et al. 1995 [9 ] 12f 2 Yes No Weakness of the LL, difficulty walking with eventual paraparesis, hypesthesia below waist, ankle clonus, and knee/ankle HR; gradual Laminectomy and proximal resection of the compression rib; two-stage combined ASF and instrumented PSF; dislocated RH was resected Yes NR Yes Dacher et al. 1995 [15 ] 10f 1 No No Bilateral ankle clonus and daytime micturition Two-stage SF with CD instrumentation NR NR Yes Kamath et al. 1995 [20 ] 13m 1 No Yes No Intraspinal RH resection with right T9/10 hemilaminectomy and instrumented PSF Yes NR n/a Khoshhal and Ellis 2000 [5 ] 16m 1 Yes Yes No In situ noninstrumented PSF; revision: anterior decompression and RH resection 8 months postop due to residual neurology No Progressive LL weakness, spasticity, and being unable to walk Residual HR Legrand et al. 2003 [21 ] 13m 1 NR NR Hyperreflexia PSF & ASF No NR NR 10f 2 NR NR No NR Yes NR n/a 16m 1 NR NR Hypotonia PSF & ASF No NR Yes 41f 2 NR NR Pyramidal tract syndrome Halo traction and RH resection Yes NR Yes Mukhtar et al. 2005 [7 ] 10m 1 Yes No Back pain induced by movements; weakness and shock-like feeling in Rt LL on direct pressure of Rt side of torso; gradual Posterior partial rib resection with RH left in situ; 2nd op: posterior in situ fusion (T6–T11) No Due to IOM changes the RH was left in situ and the rest of the Rib was excised Yes Gkiokas et al. 2006 [8 ] 13f 1 Yes No B/L Babinski, clonus, weakness in LL (foot drop), decreased sensation, HR, and daytime micturition; “painful rib hump” symptoms Posterior decompression and resection of the RH, PSF Yes No Yes Yalcin et al. 2008 [2 ] 14m 2 No Yes No Posterior laminectomy and PSF Yes No n/a 12f 2 Contact Yes No Posterior laminectomy and PSF No No n/a 6m 2 No NR No Anterior 5 level annulotomy and resection of T10 and T11 ribs; RH left in situ; growing rod construct No No n/a Cappella et al. 2008 [3 ] 14m 1 Yes NR Gradual weakness in lower limbs Staged posterior instrumented and anterior SF with casting; revision: posterior decompression No Progression of deformity Yes Ton et al. 2010 [4 ] 14m 2 No Yes Back pain, knee and ankle HR, and clonus and “painful rib hump” like symptoms T4 laminectomy and posterior fusion and instrumentation Yes NR NR 11f 1 Yes No No Multilevel discectomies, T9 laminectomy, RH resection, and PSF Yes NR n/a 11m 1 No No No T9 laminectomy, ASF, and PSF and 9th RH resection Yes NR n/a 9f 1 Yes Yes Back pain, R foot weakness, and B/L LL HR and clonus Resection of neurofibroma and 6th RH, PSF, & ASF Yes NR NR Abdulian et al. 2011 [6 ] 14m 2 Yes No No 1st op: posterior T5 hemilaminectomy and T5/6 facetectomy, 2nd op: posterior T6 hemilaminectomy and T6/7 facetectomy, 3rd op: anterior T4–T9 release, and 4th op: T2-L3 instrumented PSF Yes The 2nd op was because the next intracanal protruding rib was missed n/a Krishnakumar and Renjitkumar 2012 [22 ] 11f 2 NR NR NR PSF Yes NR NR Sun et al. 2013 [11 ] 13, 4f/2m NR NR NR No SPOs and posterior correction with PSF No No n/a Mao et al. 2015 [10 ] 13 (8–33), 10f : 9m 1 ( NR NR No The posterior correction could be alone or adjunct with perioperative traction and occasionally supplemented with SPO; the anterior stage could include anterior release or convex growth arrest or ASF. 13 posterior only and 6 anterior & posterior No NR n/a
