TORS radical tonsillectomy intraoperative views. Right hand: spatula tip monopolar cautery. Left hand: Maryland dissector (left-right, top-down). (a) Right tonsil epidermoid carcinoma extending to the anterior tonsillar pillar and tongue base. (b) Mucosal incision with a wide arch in the soft palate to fall laterally to the constrictor muscle. (c) Lateral limit: dissection of the parapharyngeal fat, which is pushed laterally off the constrictor. (d) Medial limit: posterior pharyngeal wall. (e) Superior limit: soft palate cut. (f) Inferior limit: tongue base cut.
