A Case of Invasive Sinonasal Carcinosarcoma: The Importance of Early Detection

Table 1

Cases of sinonasal carcinosarcoma that are reported in the literature.

Number	Age (years)/sex	Location	Stage	Treatment	Outcome	Author, year
1	62/F	Maxillary sinus	ND	RT	No marked improvement of the tumor, DWD	Meyer and Shklar, 1957 [24]
2	71/M	Maxillary + ethmoid sinuses	T4aN0M0	Preoperative RT + TM + RE	ND about postoperative tumor condition, death due to intracerebral abscess at postoperative period	Feinmesser et al., 1982 [16]
3	65/F	Maxillary sinus	ND	TM + RT	LR, DWD 8 months later	Ampil, 1985 [14]
4	57/F, (postradiation)	Nasoethmoid sinus	ND	Tumor excision, ethmoidectomy and turbinectomy	LR 5 months after surgery, outcome uncertain	Hafiz et al., 1987 [17]
5	60/M	Nasomaxillary sinus	T3N0M0	TM + RT + CT	LR, DWD 2 months later (diffuse metastasis in lung and brain)	Sonobe, 1989 [11]
6	53/M	Maxillary + ethmoid sinuses	T4aN0M0	TM + craniofacial resection + RT + CT	Disease free after 9 months	Shindo et al., 1990 [2]
7	81/F	Maxillary sinus	T3N0M0	TM + RT + 2nd operation	LR, DWD 3 months after second operation	Sanabre et al., 1998 [27]
8	47/M	Maxillary sinus	ND	PM+RT	LR, DWD after 1 year	Furuta et al., 2001 [10]
9	54/M	Maxillary sinus	T3N3M0	RT + CT	DWD 4 months; possibly from lung metastasis	Howard et al., 2007 [19]
10 case series (19 cases)	Mean age at diagnosis 54 (range, 42–66); Male 11; Female 8	Sinonasal track, unclear exact locations	T1/2 3; T3/4 16; N0 19; M0 19	Surgery alone 2; Surgery and RT; 7, RT alone 2; CT + RT 2	Mean follow-up 38 months (6–40); 5 with disease at last follow-up; 0 death at follow-up	Doshi et al., 2010 [15]
11	75/M	Nasal cavity	T4N0M0	Surgery + CT + RT	Disease-free after 5 years	Terada and Kawasaki, 2011 [30]
12	60/M	Maxillary sinus and nasal cavity	Unclear	CT + RT	DWD after 9 months	Terada, 2011 [29]
13	29/F	Nasopharyngeal	T1N2cM0	RT	Clinically free-of-disease 2 months after RT	Lim et al., 2012 [22]
14	60/M	Maxillary + ethmoid sinuses	T3N0M0	TM + RT + CT	LR, FL	Moon, 2013 [1]
15	29/M	Nasal cavity	T2N0M0	Surgery	Disease-free after 6 months	Gupta, 2013 [32]
16	52/M	Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses	T4aN0M0	TM + RT + CT	LR	Alem and AlNoury, 2014 [13]
17	61/M	Maxillary sinus	T4aN2cM1	TM with modified neck dissection	DWD shortly after surgery with sternal metastasis	Cheong et al., 2014 [12]
18 case series (15 cases)	Mean age at diagnosis 60.3 (SD, ±21.3); Male 6; Female 9	Nasal cavity 7; Maxillary sinus 5; Ethmoid sinus 1; Frontal sinus 1; Sphenoid sinus 1	T1/2 3; T3/4 10; TX 2; N0 9; N+ 0; NX 6; M0 14; M1 0; MX 1	Surgery alone 3; surgery and RT 7; RT alone 4; No therapy 1	Five-year disease-specific survival of 48.5%	Patel et al., 2015 [5]
19	66/M	Maxillary sinus	T3N0M0	PM + RT + CT	LR, DWD 10 months after initial presentation	Ando et al., 2015 [9]
20	78/F	Ethmoid sinus	T4N0M0	Surgery + RT	Disease-free after 36 months	Iqbal et al., 2015 [20]
21	66/M	Maxillary sinus	Recurrence	Palliative	DWD after 12 months
22	68/M	Maxillary sinus	Recurrence	Palliative	DWD after 1 month
23	46/M	Maxillary sinus	T4N0M0	Palliative	DWD after 5 months
24	54/M	Sphenoid sinus	T4 N and M unclear	Surgery + CT + RT	DWD after 12 months	Liu et al., 2016 [23]
25	55/M	Maxillary sinus	T4aN0M0	RT	No significant effect, died 4 months after initial examination	Hasnaoui et al., 2017 [18]
26	35/F	Maxillary sinus	T4N0M0	PM + CT + RT	DWD after 12 months	Soltani et al., 2018 [28]
27	75/M	Ethmoid + frontal sinuses	T4aN0M0	RT	Remained independent after 12 months	Our case, 2018

ND, not described; RT, radiation therapy; DWD, dead with disease; TM, total maxillectomy; RE, removal of eye; LR, local recurrence; CT, chemotherapy; PM, partial maxillectomy; FL, follow-up loss; LNs, lymph nodes.