Use of Chlorothiazide in the Management of Central Diabetes Insipidus in Early Infancy

Table 1

Summary of cases of central diabetes insipidus in infancy.

Author	Age at diagnosis in days	Cause of DI	Treatment	Age at transition in months to DDAVP	Complications	Number of hyponatremia episodes	Number of hypernatremia episodes
Rivkees et al., 5 infants	Early infancy	N/A	BM or LRSL + free water + CTZ	6–18	N/A	0	1 episode
Abraham et al.	<7	Septooptic dysplasia	LRSL + HCTZ	12	FTT	0	0
Abraham et al.	<7	Septooptic dysplasia	LRSL + HCTZ	3	Acute gastroenteritis with low K, difficulty in maintaining sodium	0	0
Abraham et al.	<7	Septooptic dysplasia	LRSL + HCTZ	6	Failure to thrive	0	0
Abraham et al.	<7	Holoprosencephaly	LRSL + HCTZ	12	FTT, hypernatremia	0	0
Chaudhary et al.	10	Holoprosencephaly	Dilution of formula + HCTZ	N/A	N/A	0	0
Pogacar et al., 6 infants	Early infancy	Holoprosencephaly; Trauma, panhypopituitarism, and meningitis	DDAVP: intranasal, subcutaneous	N/A	3 infants hospitalized for hypo- or hypernatremia, 1 death due to hyponatremic seizure	At least 5	At least 3
Blanco et al., 10 infants	Infancy	Septooptic dysplasia, holoprosencephaly, congenital nasal piriform sinus stenosis, group Β streptococcal meningitis, and congenital diabetes insipidus	DDAVP: intranasal, 4 patients; DDAVP: subcutaneous, 6 patients	N/A	N/A	9 out of 10 patients had hyponatremia	Inpatient, 9 episodes; outpatient, 5 episodes
Yarber et al.	<7 days	NA	DDAVP: subcutaneous	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rivas-Crespo et al.	28 days	Neonatal hemorrhagic shock	Subcutaneous + intranasal	N/A	Central myelinolysis at age 3 due to poor absorption of intranasal DDAVP	N/A	Multiple hypernatremia on intranasal DDAVP

DDAVP: desmopressin, FTT: failure to thrive, BM: breast milk, LRSL: low renal solute load formula, CTZ: chlorothiazide, HCTZ: hydrochlorothiazide, and N/A: not available.