Case Reports in Psychiatry

Case Report

Rehabilitation of Executive Functions in a Real-Life Setting: Goal Management Training Applied to a Person with Schizophrenia

Table 2

G. O.’s results on cognitive assessment.
Cognitive testsPrePost
Working memory  
 Digit span (forward) (MEM-III)1.020.2
 Digit span (backward)/number of trials for digit span (MEM-III)2.4/0.670.59/0.33
Executive functions  
 Inhibition:   
  Go/no-go (TAP): median RT/SD RT/error(s)/omission(s)P1/P27/P > 38/P > 4P7/P14/P > 38/P > 4
  Hayling: part A time/part B time/errors part B−3.39/3.34/−5.571/1/2.91/1.51
 Flexibility:   
  Flexibility (TAP): median RT/SD RT/error(s)P1/P < 1/P < 62P8/P1/P < 82
 Planning: Tower of London:  
      N3: latency/total time/moves−0.8/−18.4/−0.5−0.8/−1.9/−0.1
      N4: latency/total time/moves0.1/−2.7/−2.71.3/−1/−2
      I + 5: latency/total time/moves0.5/0.5/0.90.7/1.1/0.9
      N5: latency/total time/moves−0.3/−7.8/−0.30.9/0.3/−0.5
      I − 5: latency/total time/moves−0.6/−3.3/−3−0.6/−0.4/−1.3
      N6: latency/total time/moves0.2/−0.8/1.90.5/0.6/0.5
    Six elements test: total score/error(s) −3.04/−1.7−0.19/0.72
    Hotel test: tasks attempted/time allocation/time deviations0.2/−0.16/1.010.2/0.19/1.01
    Errand test: reference group40%<10%
Episodic memory  
 Auditory verbal:   
  Logical memory (MEM-III): (I) 1st recall/total recall/learning/theme 3/−3/1.67/−2.67/
  (II) Total recall/retention%/theme −3/−2/−1.67/
  CVLT: 1st recall/5th recall/total recall/−1.5/P1-5/−2.74/
  Short term recall/cued recall/delayed recall/delayed cued recall/P1-5/P1/P1-5/P1/
  Recognition/recall BP25/−1.13/
 Visual nonverbal:   
  Face recognition (MEM-III): part I/part II/retention0.33/1/0.67/
Attentional functions  
 Phasic alert:  
  TAP: no signal: median RT/SD RT/signal: median RT/SD RTP4/P8/P2/P4P5/P54/P7/P4
 Divided attention:  
  TAP: median RT/SD RT/error(s)/omission(s)P4/P10/P4/P > 79P46/P7/P < 18/P3
 Selective attention:  
  D2: speed/accuracy/global performance/concentrationP5/P > 90/P10/P27P1/P > 90/P2/P14
Processing speed:  
 Digit Symbol-Coding (WAIS-III)−1−1.33
Language:  
 verbal fluency: phonological/semantic0.2/−0.640.22/0.38
Numbers in bold indicate a deficit score ( for the -scores, for the percentiles). RT: reaction time; SD: standard deviation.
Digit span, Logical Memory, Face recognition (MEM-III [41]); Go/no-go, flexibility, phasic alert; Divided attention (TAP; [28]); Hayling (French adaptation [42]); Tower of London (French adaptation [43]); Six Elements Test (French adaptation [44]); Hotel Test [45]; Errand Test [46]; California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT; French adaptation [47]); Digit Symbol-Coding (WAIS-III [48]); D2 [49]; verbal fluency [50].