Linezolid Is Associated with Serotonin Syndrome in a Patient Receiving Amitriptyline, and Fentanyl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Widely accepted diagnostic criteria for serotonin syndrome.

Criteria of Hunter, 2003 [16, 17].
Presence of a serotonergic agent and 1 of 5
(1) Spontaneous clonus
(2) Inducible clonus and agitation or diaphoresis
(3) Ocular clonus and agitation or diaphoresis
(4) Tremor and hyperreflexia, or
(5) Hypertonia and temperature >38°C and ocular clonus or; inducible clonus
Criteria of Sternbach, 1991 [14, 30].
Presence of all of the following
(a) Recent addition or increase in a known serotonergic agent
(b) Absence of other possible aetiologies (infection, substance; abuse, substance withdrawal, etc.)
(c) No recent addition or increase of a neuroleptic agent
(d) At least 3 of the following 10
(1) Mental status changes (confusion, hypomania)
(2) Agitation
(3) Myoclonus
(4) Hyperreflexia
(5) Diaphoresis
(6) Shivering
(7) Tremor
(8) Diarrhoea
(9) Incoordination
(10) Fever