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| | Our case | Case 1 [9] | Case 2 [10] | Case 3 [11] |
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| Clinical data | A 19-year-old Saudi young man, presented with progressive shortness of breath, dry cough, polyarthralgia for 8 months, and a positive family history of the first-degree relative with PAM. His polyarthralgia progressed to inflammatory polyarthritis. | A 30-year-old Indian man with RA, presented with cough and whitish scanty sputum for one year. | A 44-year-old Colombian man with long-standing RA, presented with epigastric pain, nausea, undocumented fever, and a positive family history of the first-degree relative with PAM. | A 17-year-old Turkish young woman, presented with a history of pain and swelling of the bilateral knees, ankles, and hands for 8 months. |
| Method of diagnosis | Clinical findings, classical PAM findings on HRCT, and positive RF and anti-CCP. | Clinical findings and radiological features of PAM on chest X-ray and HRCT. | Suspected diagnosis of PAM on chest X-ray, followed by lung biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis. | Elevated RF and suspected diagnosis of PAM on chest X-ray which was confirmed with HRCT and lung biopsy. |
| Duration between PAM and RA diagnosis | Preclinical RA was diagnosed one month after the diagnosis of PAM, which then progressed to RA in few months. | RA was diagnosed one year prior to the diagnosis of PAM. | RA was diagnosed 15 years prior to the onset of PAM features. | Both RA and PAM were diagnosed simultaneously. |
| Treatment | Home oxygen therapy, referral for lung transplantation, hydroxychloroquine, and prednisolone. Regular follow-up at the rheumatology clinic. | Referral for lung transplantation. Hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate to treat RA. | Oxygen therapy and regular follow-up at the pulmonary and rheumatology clinics. | Antirheumatic therapy (prednisolone, indomethacin, and salazopyrine) and regular follow-up at rheumatology and pulmonary clinics. |
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