Penile and Scrotal Strangulation due to Metal Rings: Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

Table 2

Presentation of various case reports with penile strangulation injury.

Review of reported cases
	Time to presentation	Comorbidities	Device	Penile condition	Removal technique	Long-term sequelae
Chennamsetty et al. [7]	9 days	None	7 mm thick, alloy ring	Skin necrosis	Orthopedic pin cutter	None
Singh et al. [1]	26 hours	None	Metallic ball bearing ring	Edema/discoloration	Needle aspiration/manual decompression	None
Talib et al. [2]	8 hours	Erectile dysfunction	2.5 × 1.5 cm metallic ring	Penile edema/congestion	Rotating saw	None
	6 hours	None	1 cm thick metal ball bearing ring	Penile edema	4 needle aspiration	None
Santucci et al. [6]	72 hours	Schizophrenia	10 lb barbell	Penile edema/discoloration	Air grinder saw	None
Eaton et al. [8]	16 hours	None	1 cm thick × 2 cm wide × 6 cm diameter ring	Penile edema/hyperemia	Gigli saw	None
Huang et al. [9]	—	Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease	Plastic bottle	Penile edema	Dental drill	None
Zhang et al. [12]	2 days	None	3 cm diameter × 2 mm thick metallic ring	Penoscrotal edema	Hydraulic cable cutter	None
Kyei et al. [10]	12 hours	None	2 cm wide × 0.8 cm thick metallic nut	Penile edema	Bosch electric grinder	Thermal injury—urethrocutaneous fistula and urethral stricture
Morentin et al. [11]	2 weeks	Cerebral vascular accident, smoking, alcoholism, social behavior disorder	Plastic bottle	Necrosis/gangrene	None	Death—multiorgan failure due to sepsis