Diagnostic Lessons from a Complex Case of Postintestinal Transplantation Enteropathy

Table 1

Diagnostic features of acute cellular intestinal allograft rejection.

Histological [4, 5]	Endoscopic [11]	Clinical features [6]	Biochemical [7]
Increased apoptotic bodies in crypts^2	Oedema, erythema	Abdominal pain	Increasing faecal calprotectin levels
Crypt epithelial injury	Villous blunting	Fever & vomiting	Decreasing serum citrulline levels
Distortion of villous and crypt architecture	Loss of mucosal vascular pattern and friability	Increased output from stoma	Presence of allospecific CD154þ T cells increases risk
Mucosal ulceration^1	Mucosal ulceration^1	Septic shock^1	Presence of DSAs increases risk

in severe acute cellular rejection. >6 per 10 crypts.