Two Case Reports of Varicocele Rupture during Sexual Intercourse and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Various case reports.

	Age	Side	Possible mechanism	Time to presentation	Clinical findings	Radiological study findings	Treatment
Chin et al.; [23]	33	Left	Lifting a heavy piece of furniture	2 days	Markedly swollen and thickened; left hemiscrotum with the swelling extending up to the left inguinal canal	Ultrasonography: Large left scrotal hematoma	Scrotal exploration.
Matsui et al.; [21]	69	Left	Straining for defecation	10 days	Distended mass extending inferiorly through the left groin region and into the left hemiscrotum	Computed tomography: Dilated spermatic cord with large scrotal hematoma	Managed conservatively
Nishiyama et al.; [26]	23	Left	Sexual intercourse	Same day	Ecchymosis and swelling of the left hemiscrotum	Ultrasonography: Blood flowing into the space surrounding the left testis; and hematoma formation	Managed conservatively
Aliabadi et al.; [16]	27	Left	Straining for defecation	One hour	Swelling and tenderness over the inguinal canal		Scrotal exploration
Gordon et al.; [15]	22	Left	Struck the abdomen against the handle bars of the motorcycle	Immediately	Tender fullness of the left inguinal region	Computed tomography: Enlarged left spermatic cord	Scrotal exploration
Lerman et al.; [20]	23	Left	Pulling on a hand wrench	Immediately	10 cm tender and firm mass palpated in the left hemiscrotum.		Scrotal exploration
Lerman et al.; [20]	21	Left	Moving machinery	7 days	Left hemiscrotum was 1   times larger than normal and the overlying skin was ecchymotic		Scrotal exploration
Burnard et al.; [2]	78	Right	Unknown	12 hours	Expanding tense scrotal hematoma; Significant drop in hemoglobin levels; Signs of hemorrhagic shock	Ultrasonography: Large scrotal hematoma; Computed tomography: Large right-sided hematocele of mixed attenuation consistent with acute hemorrhage and evidence of extravasation of contrast at the superior pole of the hematocele	Scrotal exploration; Inguinal orchiectomy