|
Author
(year) | Age
(years) | Presentation | Thrill/ bruit | Sperm analysis | Investigation | Management | Follow-up |
|
Bezirdjian et al.
(1989) [5] | 24 | Painless enlarging right scrotal mass | + | Not done | US. Arteriogram | Angioembolization (polyvinyl alcohol sponge (Ivalon)). Surgical debridement | Not mentioned |
| Hamid et al. (1992) [6] | 55 | Right scrotal swelling, pain with ulceration and bleeding | + | Azoospermia | Low s.testosterone, DUS, DSA | Angioembolization then surgery | Not commented |
Sule et al.
(1993) [4] | 17 | Intermittently bleeding pulsatile left scrotal mass | + | — | DSA | Angioembolization (gelatin sponge and coils) failed. Complete surgical resection was done | No recurrence at 2 years of follow-up |
Konus et al.
(1999) [7] | 8 | Progressively enlarging, intermittently bleeding, painful pulsatile scrotal mass | + | Not done | DUS, DSA | Angioembolization (polyvinyl alcohol sponge). Surgical excision | 1 year later. No residual disease on follow-up Doppler |
Kang et al.
(2004) [8] | 20 | Acute scrotal swelling detected 4 days after a trauma | — | Not done | DUS | Surgical excision. Biopsy showed AVM | Not mentioned |
Gonzalez et al.
(2002) [9] | 31 | Left scrotal swelling with virtual azoospermia. | Not mentioned | Azoospermia | DUS, DSA | Bilateral varicocelectomy. Super selective angioembolization followed by surgical excision | 3 months of follow-up, sperm analyses improved |
Bandi et al.
(2004) [10] | 67 | Recurrent scrotal AVM-bleeding nonhealing ulcer 12 years after preoperative embolization and hemiscrotectomy | Not mentioned | Not done | Not done at second presentation | Surgical excision. | Not mentioned |
Choi et al.
(2005) [11] | | The article was inaccessible | | | | | |
Monoski et al.
(2006) [12] | 31 | Primary infertility and left scrotal fullness | — | Severe oligospermia | DSA hypertrophied internal pudendal and branch of superficial femoral a. | Bilateral varicocelectomy. Angioembolization. Surgical excision | Sperm count improved. 3 years later, successful spontaneous pregnancy |
Yilmaz et al.
(2009) [13] | 51 | Pain and throbbing sensation in right hemiscrotum | Pulsatile vessels + | Not done | Scrotal ultrasound. Confirmed at DUS | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Jaganathan et al.
(2011) [14] | 2
32 | 2 cases both presented with scrotal swelling and bleeding | Not mentioned | Not done | DUS, DSA
Emergency DUS, DSA | Selective angioembolization (poly vinyl alcohol). Parents refused surgery.
Angioembolization (n-butyl cyanoacrylate mixed with lipodol) | 13 months of follow-up, asymptomatic.
18 months of follow-up, no recurrence |
Zachariah et al.
(2012) [15] | 30 | Progressive swelling. One episode of acute pain before 4 mo. | — | Not done | DUS, MRI | Angioembolization was rejected. Surgical excision. | Not mentioned |
Key R. et al.
(2013) [16] | 41 | Massive bleeding after a hip fracture due to trauma. With large right retro peritoneal hematoma | — | — | DUS, DSA | Several sessions of angioembolization (micro coils/emposphere’s/gel foam particles/onyx | 18 weeks later, no symptoms |
Sato et al.
(2013) [17] | 38 | Recurrent scrotal mass | — | — | CTA, biopsy (micro-AV fistula—AVM) | Surgical excision | 10 months later, no recurrence |
So WL et al.
(2014) [3] | 26 | Scrotal pain and swelling | — | Not mentioned | DUS (AVM). DSA | Coil embolization. Subcutaneous sclerosant (sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3% with ethiodised oil (2 : 1 ratio) | 3 months of review, no recurrence |
Muslim et al.
(2014) [18] | 16 | Right scrotal swelling associated with mild pain | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | DUS | Refused embolization. Surgical excision with dissecting the spermatic cord through an inguinal incision to protect it | One-year follow-up, no recurrence |
| Our case | 19 | Left scrotum swelling | + | Not performed | DUS, MCT, DSA | Three sessions of embolization, resection of scrotal lesion | One-year follow-up, no recurrence |
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