Ventricular Habronemiasis in Aviary Passerines

Table 1

Passerine deaths associated with habronemiasis at the North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, NC, USA.

Date	Species	Sex	Age	Cause of death	Other/associated lesions
3/28/2007	L. lutea	M	10 yrs	Hepatic amyloidosis	Ventricular habronemiasis
6/18/2007	L. lutea	F	7 yrs	Hepatic amyloidosis	Ventricular habronemiasis with secondary bacterial ventriculitis; ovarian amyloidosis
6/19/2007	T. episcopus	F	2 yrs	Trauma	Ventricular habronemiasis with secondary bacterial ventriculitis
7/23/2007	Z. japonicus	M	7 yrs	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary fungal ventriculitis
7/23/2007	P. erythrocephala	N/A	13 days	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial and fungal ventriculitis
7/23/2007	L. lutea	F	2 yrs	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial and fungal ventriculitis
8/13/2007	P. erythrocephala	N/A	40 days	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial ventriculitis
10/5/2007	L. lutea	F	7 yrs	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial ventriculitis; hepatic amyloidosis
5/10/2008	C. iris	M	4 yrs	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial ventriculitis; hepatic, splenic, and renal amyloidosis
8/16/2008	L. lutea	M	11 yrs	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial and fungal ventriculitis
9/2/2008	Z. japonicus	F	8 yrs	Ventricular habronemiasis	Secondary bacterial and fungal ventriculitis; pulmonary aspergillosis; polyoma nephritis; and myocarditis