Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality for Patients with Acute Leukemia Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Table 3
Characteristics of ICU survivors and nonsurvivors at ICU discharge and 1 year after ICU admission.
Variable
ICU discharge
1-year after ICU admission
Survivors
Nonsurvivors
value
Survivors
Nonsurvivors
value
Leukemia type
Acute myeloid leukemia
73 (78)
45 (79)
0.85
26 (70)
91 (80)
0.19
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
21 (22)
12 (21)
0.85
11 (30)
22 (20)
0.19
Chemotherapy stage
Induction
37 (39)
18 (32)
0.34
20 (55)
34 (30)
0.008
Consolidation
6 (7)
3 (5)
1
2 (5)
7 (6)
1
Intensification phase
5 (5)
0 (0)
0.16
3 (8)
2 (2)
0.1
Reinduction for relapse
20 (21)
9 (16)
0.41
3 (8)
26 (23)
0.05
Reinduction for nonresponse
7 (8)
5 (9)
0.77
2 (5)
10 (9)
0.73
Not provided chemotherapy within 40 days
14 (15)
19 (33)
0.008
5 (14)
28 (24)
0.15
Unclear (no pharmacy records)
0 (0)
3 (5)
0.05
0 (0)
3 (3)
1
Other
5 (5)
0 (0)
0.16
2 (5)
3 (3)
0.6
Leukemic factors
CNS infiltration
8 (9)
1 (2)
0.08
2 (5)
7 (6)
1
SCT before ICU
13 (14)
7 (12)
0.79
5 (14)
15 (13)
1
GVHD
6 (6)
5 (9)
0.11
4 (11)
7 (6)
1
Characteristics
Age
54 (22)
57 (17)
0.42
53 (19)
57 (20)
0.12
APACHE II
25 (20–30)
30 (24–39)
0.001
26 (22–30)
28 (21–33)
0.046
SOFA
9 (6–11)
13 (10–15)
<0.001
8 (7–15)
10 (8–13)
<0.001
MODS
7 (5–9)
8 (7–11)
0.001
7 (5–9)
8 (6–10)
0.039
ICU length of stay (days)
4 (2–7)
5 (3–9)
0.3
4 (3–8)
4 (2–9)
0.71
Morbidity in ICU
Sepsis
77 (82)
51 (90)
0.21
30 (81)
97 (86)
0.49
Septic shock
41 (44)
46 (81)
<0.001
13 (35)
73 (65)
0.002
ARDS
27 (29)
29 (51)
0.004
11 (30)
43 (38)
0.36
Stroke
4 (4)
4 (7)
0.48
1 (3)
7 (6)
0.68
Treatments in ICU
Invasive ventilation
32 (34)
50 (88)
<0.001
10 (27)
71 (63)
<0.001
Duration of invasive ventilation (days)
7 (4–20)
6 (2–9)
0.07
6 (2–10)
6 (3–13)
0.33
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
15 (16)
11 (20)
0.6
5 (14)
21 (19)
0.5
Duration of NIV (days)
2 (1–3)
2 (2-3)
0.57
2 (1-2)
2 (1–3)
0.34
High frequency oscillation
1 (1)
11 (20)
<0.001
0 (0)
12 (11)
0.039
Tracheostomy
8 (9)
0 (0)
0.024
2 (5)
5 (4)
1
Renal replacement therapy (RRT)
6 (6)
17 (30)
<0.001
2 (5)
20 (18)
0.07
Duration of RRT (days)
6 (3–19)
4 (2–6)
0.39
3 (2–5)
6 (2–9)
0.55
Insulin infusion
26 (28)
24 (42)
0.07
10 (27)
40 (35)
0.35
Infections identified in ICU
Confirmed infection
16 (17)
22 (39)
0.003
5 (14)
32 (28)
0.07
Bacterial
13 (14)
14 (25)
1
4 (11)
22 (20)
1
Viral
3 (3)
5 (9)
0.68
1 (3)
7 (6)
1
Fungal
2 (2)
5 (9)
0.3
0 (0)
6 (5)
0.57
Medications administered in ICU
Antibiotics
92 (98)
52 (91)
0.06
36 (97)
107 (95)
1
Antifungals
65 (69)
40 (70)
0.89
23 (62)
81 (72)
0.28
Chemotherapy
28 (30)
13 (23)
0.35
14 (38)
27 (24)
0.1
Sedatives/opioids
51 (54)
53 (93)
<0.001
19 (51)
84 (74)
0.009
Vasopressors
43 (46)
53 (93)
<0.001
15 (41)
81 (72)
0.001
Neuromuscular blockers
9 (10)
17 (30)
0.001
4 (11)
21 (19)
0.27
Steroids
24 (26)
23 (40)
0.06
7 (19)
39 (35)
0.07
Antipsychotics
14 (15)
10 (18)
0.67
2 (5)
21 (19)
0.053
Data presented as (%) for categorical variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables. APACHE = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, CNS = central nervous system, GVHD = graft versus host disease, MODS = multiple organ dysfunction score, SCT = stem cell transplant, and SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment score. Total number of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in each column may be greater than the “confirmed infection” as some patients had more than 1 infection.
