Main author Location Length of the study Target audience Interval between evaluations Number of sessions Duration of each session Approach Outcomes evaluated Hospitalization School absenteeism Use of relief medication/inhalation technique Knowledge Quality of life Visit to the emergency department Butz [16 ] Baltimore, Maryland, USA 10 months 201 asthmatic individuals, 10 months 2 (students) and 1 (parent or caregiver) 120 min Individual and group X X X X — X Patterson [28 ] Belfast, Northern Ireland 4 months 173 asthmatic individuals, 7–11 years old 8 weeks 8 Group — X — — — X Cicutto [22 ] Toronto, Canada 12 months 239 asthmatics, 6–11 years old, with their parents 2-3 months 6 50–60 min Group — X X — X — Clarck [34 ] Beijing, China 12 months 639 asthmatic individuals, 7–11 years old, with their parents 12 months 5 Group — X X X X — Gerald [17 ] Alabama, USA 5 years 610 asthmatic individuals, 8–11 years old. General approach to nonasthmatics (no outcomes evaluated) Variation among the schools. The objective was to complete 6 sessions 6 30 min Group X — X X X — Levy [18 ] Memphis, Tennessee, USA 24 months 243 asthmatic individuals (first year) and 210 asthmatic individuals (second year), 6–10 years old 12 months 6 40 min Group X — X X X — Joseph [29 ] Detroit, Michigan, USA 12 months 314 individuals with an average age of 15.3, with symptoms of asthma 12 months 4 30 min Individual — X X X X X Bruzzese [35 ] New York, USA 2 months 23 asthmatic individuals, with an average age of 12.9, and 21 parents 2 months 6 (students) and 5 (parents) 75 min (students) and 90 min (parents) Group — — — — — X Kintner [19 ] Michigan, USA 3 months 66 asthmatic individuals, with an average age of 10.1, and their caregivers 3 months 10 50 min Group X X — — — — Clark [12 ] Detroit, Michigan, USA 24 months 1292 individuals, 10–13 years old, with symptoms of asthma 12 months 6 90 min Group — X — — — — McGhan [30 ] Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 12 months 266 asthmatic individuals, 6–13 years old 6 months 6 45–60 min Group — X X — X X Bruzzese [14 ] New York, USA 12 months 345 asthmatic individuals, with an average age of 15.1 6 months 8 45–60 min Individual and group — X X X X X Mosnaim [31 ] Chicago, USA 1 month 536 asthmatic individuals, with an average age of 13–16 years old 1 month 4 45 min Group X — — — — X Pike [20 ] St. Louis, USA 12 months 236 asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals 12 months 15 Group X — — — — — Al-sheyab [21 ] Jordan, Middle East 3 months 244 asthmatic individuals 3 months 3 30 min Group X X — — — — Bowen [32 ] Newark, New Jersey, USA 1 month and 2 weeks 30 asthmatic individuals, 8–12 years old 3 weeks 3 90 min Group X — — — — — Joseph [33 ] Detroit, Michigan, USA 12 months 422 asthmatic individuals, with an average age of 15.6 6 months 4 15–30 min Group/individual — X X X X —
