Galactomannan in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Nonneutropenic Patients
Table 4
Risk factors for false-positive galactomannan results in bronchoalveolar lavage assays with univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis, respectively.
Variables
Case patients (), (%)
Control patients (), (%)
Univariate analysis
Logistic regression analysis
Age ≥ 60 years
12 (40.0)
51 (45.1)
0.615
0.533
Male gender
13 (43.3)
64 (56.6)
0.194
0.067
Seasonal distribution
March–October
23 (76.7)
70 (61.9)
0.133
0.129
Underlying disease
Emphysema
2 (6.7)
10 (8.8)
0.990
0.608
COPD
3 (10.0)
5 (4.4)
0.463
0.121
Bronchial asthma
2 (6.7)
5 (4.4)
0.976
0.273
Pulmonary tuberculosis
7 (23.3)
10 (8.8)
0.063
0.117
Solid tumor
0
11 (9.7)
0.164
0.999
Bronchiectasis
7 (23.3)
16 (14.2)
0.349
0.431
Diabetes
0
11 (9.7)
0.164
0.999
Liver cirrhosis
0
1 (0.9)
1.000
0.999
Hematologic malignancy
0
1 (0.9)
1.000
1.000
Autoimmune disease
0
2 (1.8)
1.000
0.999
Kidney non-malignant disease
1 (3.3)
1 (0.9)
0.377
1.000
Antibiotics
Piperacillin/tazobactam
9 (30.0)
22 (19.5)
0.213
0.479
Mezlocillin/sulbactam
2 (6.7)
5 (4.4)
0.976
0.726
Cephalosporins
7 (23.3)
49 (43.4)
0.046
0.157
Quinolones
7 (23.3)
37 (32.7)
0.321
0.404
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Case patients are defined as individuals in the “non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)” group with positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) galactomannan (GM) results, excluding aspergilloma, ABPA, colonization, or contamination. Namely, the group is the other diagnosis with positive BALF GM results. Control patients are defined as individuals in the “non-IPA” group with negative BALF GM results, excluding aspergilloma, colonization, or contamination. Namely, the group is the other diagnosis with negative BALF GM results.
