Risk Factors of Mortality from All Asbestos-Related Diseases: A Competing Risk Analysis
Table 5
Adjusted effects of proportional risk factors on subhazard from ARD death, Barcelona (Spain), 1970–2006 ().
Predictors
SHR (95% CI)&
value
Smoking status
Nonsmoker (Ref.)
1
0.003
Smoker
1.01 (0.59–1.71)
Former
0.56 (0.35–0.87)
Missing
1.79 (0.98–3.26)
Source of exposure
Environmental (Ref.)
1
0.074
Household
1.98 (1.07–3.64)
Labor
1.22 (0.68–2.19)
Length of exposure (yrs)
[0–11.3) (Ref.)
1
0.935
[11.3–20.9)
1.17 (0.70–1.97)
[20.9–30.6)
1.20 (0.63–2.26)
>=30.6
1.18 (0.58–2.42)
Number of ARD
1 benign (Ref.)
1
<0.001
2 or 3 benign
1.94 (0.86–4.38)
4 or 5 benign
10.28 (3.36–31.43)
At least 1 malign
128.30 (61.82–266.25)
Note. Ref: reference; SHR: subdistribution hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; &Cox proportional hazard model, accounting for other causes of death as competing risks. Robust standard errors. All SHRs were adjusted for the other covariates in the table and sex, age groups, and and age interactions