Safety and Performance Characteristics of Outpatient Medical Thoracoscopy and Indwelling Pleural Catheter Insertion for Evaluation and Diagnosis of Pleural Disease at a Tertiary Center in Canada

Table 2

Procedural details.

Procedural detail
Mean procedure time in minutes (mean ± SD)	46.7 ± 13.6
Sedation/analgesia
Midazolam dose in mg (mean ± SD)	2.2 ± 0.6
Fentanyl dose in mcg (mean ± SD)	92 ± 40.4
Pleural fluid removed at time of procedure (mL ± SD)	1513 ± 1054
Indwelling pleural catheter
Preexisting catheter (, %)	8 (3.7)
Catheter inserted at time of procedure (, %)	210 (96.3)
Endoscopic findings (n, %)
Normal	10 (4.6)
Nodular abnormalities	106 (48.6)
Pleural thickening	128 (58.7)
Adhesions	95 (43.6)
Pleural plaques	24 (11.0)
Erythema/inflammatory changes alone	6 (2.8)