Research Article
Metabolomics in COPD Acute Respiratory Failure Requiring Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Table 2
Concentration (millimolar) of the top 10 VIP metabolites in serum of subjects with stable COPD, AECOPD, CHF, and PNA.
| | | Stable COPD (n = 15) | AECOPD (n = 12) | CHF (n = 8) | PNA (n = 9) |
| | Glycine | 3.9 × 10−1 ± 2.8 × 10−1‡ | 1.6 × 10−2 ± 2.3 × 10−2 | 3.3 × 10−2 ± 2.8 × 10−2 | 5 × 10−3 ± 1.8 × 10−3 | | Glutamine | 7.2 × 10−2 ± 1.9 × 10−2‡ | 5.4 × 10−2 ± 1.7 × 10−2 | 6.1 × 10−2 ± 2.9 × 10−2 | 3.2 × 10−2 ± 1.6 × 10−2 | | Alanine | 4.4 × 10−2 ± 1.8 × 10−2‡ | 2.8 × 10−2 ± 1.3 × 10−2 | 3.6 × 10−2 ± 2.3 × 10−2 | 1.6 × 10−2 ± 7.3 × 10−3 | | Proline | 3.3 × 10−2 ± 1.3 × 10−2‡ | 1.7 × 10−2 ± 6.2 × 10−3 | 3.2 × 10−2 ± 1.4 × 10−2‡ | 1.3 × 10−2 ± 6.3 × 10−3 | | Glutamate | 2.1 × 10−2 ± 7.6 × 10−3‡ | 8.6 × 10−3 ± 5.4 × 10−3 | 1.3 × 10−2 ± 8.7 × 10−3 | 6.8 × 10−3 ± 4.1 × 10−3 | | Mannitol | 1.5 × 10−2 ± 10−2†‡ | 4.9 × 10−3 ± 2.9 × 10−3 | 3.1 × 10−3 ± 1.7 × 10−3 | 2.8 × 10−3 ± 1.4 × 10−3 | | Citrate | 1.2 × 10−2 ± 7 × 10−3‡ | 4.2 × 10−3 ± 1.7 × 10−3 | 7.4 × 10−3 ± 2.9 × 10−3 | 4.4 × 10−3 ± 2.1 × 10−3 | | Histidine | 9.2 × 10−3 ± 2.8 × 10−3‡ | 4.7 × 10−3 ± 2.5 × 10−3 | 5.9 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−3 | 4.1 × 10−3 ± 3.4 × 10−3 | | Formate | 6.2 × 10−3 ± 3.5 × 10−3†‡ | 1.6 × 10−3 ± 6.5 × 10−4 | 2 × 10−3 ± 6.8 × 10−4 | 2.8 × 10−3 ± 1.6 × 10−3 | | Creatine phosphate | 3.6 × 10−3 ± 1.9 × 10−3‡ | 1.5 × 10−3 ± 2.9 × 10−4† | 3.2 × 10−3 ± 1.310−3‡ | 1.6 × 10−3 ± 5.2 × 10−4 |
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versus AECOPD, † versus CHF, ‡ versus PNA. AECOPD = acute exacerbation of COPD, CHF = congestive heart failure, PNA = pneumonia.
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