| | References | Year published, country | Perspective | Model type | Target population | Treatment | Comparator | Cost components | Time horizon | Discount rate (%) | Source of effectiveness and safety data |
| | Highland et al. [12] | 2003, USA | Unclear | Markov model | Patients with PAH | Bosentan | Epoprostenol, treprostinil | Drug, diluent, per diem, hospitalization, home health, Hickman catheter, liver function | One year | NA | Three studies | | Garin et al. [13] | 2009, USA | Unclear | Markov model | Patients with FC III and IV PAH | Bosentan | Epoprostenol, treprostinil, iloprost, sitaxentan, ambrisentan, sildenafil | Drug, per diem, pain medications, hospitalization/clinic visit, intravenous line infections, laboratory tests | One year | NA | Two RCTs | | Coyle et al. [14] | 2016, Canada | Healthcare system | Markov model | Patients with FC II and III PAH | Bosentan | Ambrisentan, sildenafil, tadalafil, supportive care | Drugs, monitoring/therapeutic procedures (includes liver function tests, pregnancy test, echocardiograms, renal function, and blood work), hospital/ER/clinic visits (includes general practitioner visits, specialist visits, nurse visits, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, therapeutic procedures), Supportive care drugs | Lifetime | 5 | A network meta-analysis | | Dranitsaris et al. [15] | 2009, Canada | Canadian healthcare system | Cost-minimization analysis (CMA) | Patients with FC II and III PAH | Bosentan | Ambrisentan, sitaxentan, sildenafil | Drug acquisition, medical consultations and visits, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, functional studies, other healthcare-related resources, alternative pharmacotherapy | 3 years | 3 | Nine placebo-controlled trials | | Wlodarczyk et al. [16] | 2006, Australia | A healthcare payer perspective | An excel model | Patients with iPAH | Bosentan | Conventional therapy | Exercise test, lung function, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, blood tests, specialist, total medical | 15years | 5 | Two aforementioned pivotal clinical trials and their long-term open-label extensions | | Stevenson et al. [17] | 2009, UK | National Health Service | Markov model | Patients with iPAH or PAH-CTD of FC III | Bosentan | Palliative therapy | Drug acquisition, home delivery, palliative care | Lifetime | 3.5 | Two RCTs | | Fan et al. [18] | 2016, China | Unclear | Markov model | Patients with PAH | Bosentan | Palliative therapy | Drugs, monitoring/therapeutic procedures | Lifetime | 3.5 | Patient registration and follow-up data for charity project | | Barbieri et al. [19] | 2014, Italy | National Health System | An excel model | Patients with FC II and III PAH | Bosentan | Ambrisentan | Drug acquisition cost, direct medical costs (includes visits to professionals, laboratory tests, concomitant medications, hospitalizations) | 3 years | Unclear | Two separate double-blind studies |
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