Review of Echocardiographic Findings in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Table 7

Right atrial and ventricular parameters in relationship with OSA.

Echocardiographic variables		AHI <5 events·h^−1	Mild OSA	Moderate OSA	Severe OSA
RAVI (ml/m^2)	Altekin et al. [14]	15.56 ± 4.94	17.31 ± 6.24	21.89 ± 7.91	28.85 ± 7.97^†,‡	<0.05
RVESV index (ml/m^2)	Guvenc et al. [31]	22.15 ± 3.85		26.50 ± 8.11		0.01
	Oliveira et al. [27]	15.4 ± 3.6	18.7 ± 4.3			<0.05
RVEDV index (ml/m^2)	Guvenc et al. [31]	41.48 ± 6.45		48.15 ± 11.48		0.009
	Oliveira et al. [27]	49.9 ± 6.0	52.2 ± 7.3			0.02
RV-EF (%)	Oliveira et al. [27]	68.4 ± 5.9	64.3 ± 6.8			<0.01
TAPSE (mm)	Altekin et al. [14]	24.76 ± 1.55	22.30 ± 2.39	21.11 ± 1.56^†	19.42 ± 1.64^†,‡,	<0.05
	Zakhama et al. [33]			26.1 ± 3	22.7 ± 4	0.012
RV-MPI	Romero-Corral et al. [12]	0.23 ± 0.10	0.26 ± 0.16^†	0.37 ± 0.11^†		<0.05
	Altekin et al. [14]	0.43 ± 0.09	0.46 ± 0.09	0.53 ± 0.08^†	0.56 ± 0.11^†,‡	<0.05
S`RV (cm/s)	Shivalkar et al. [34]	0.25 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.05			0.008
	Zakhama et al. [33]	0.46 ± 0.14	0.55 ± 0.12			0.024
	Shivalkar et al. [34]	13.5 ± 1.8	11.4 ± 2.3			<0.001
RV E/E`	Zakhama et al. [33]	14.5 ± 3	12.2 ± 2			<0.001
	Guvenc et al. [31]	3.83 ± 1.16		5.23 ± 2.58		0.008
	Altekin et al. [14]	4.19 ± 1.22	4.37 ± 1.22	5.77 ± 1.27^†,‡	7.12 ± 2.29^†,‡	<0.05

RAVI: right atrial volume index; RVESV: right ventricular end-systolic volume; RVEDV: right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RV-EF: right ventricular ejection fraction; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane excursion; RV-MPI: right ventricular myocardial performance index; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea. ^†Significantly different from AHI <5 events·h−1; ^‡significantly different from mild OSA; significantly different from moderate OSA; ^#significantly different in OSA compared to controls.