Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Review of the literature.

Study	Year	Country	Study population	Standard clinical investigations	CMR diagnostic criteria	Reference test
Smedema et al. [22]	2005	The Netherlands	58 patients with histologically proven pulmonary sarcoidosis	ECGHolterUCGSPECT	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI	JMHW
Ohira et al. [23]	2008	Japan	21 consecutive patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis	ECGHolterUCG; sACE; 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy; 18F-FDG PET stress ECG (if needed) nuclear cardiac testing (if needed) coronary angiography (if needed)	High signal intensity on T2WI hyperenhancement on DE-MRI	JMHW
Patel et al. [18]	2009	America	81 consecutive biopsy-proven sarcoidosis patients	ECG cardiac-imaging study (at least one, non-CMR) cardiac biopsy (if performed); X-ray coronary angiography if performed	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI	JMHW
Manins et al. [19]	2009	Australia	20 consecutive biopsy-proven sarcoidosis patients with a suspicion of CS	ECGHolterUCGGallium; -67 radionuclide investigation (if performed); PET (if performed); cardiac biopsy (if performed)	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI showed regional wall motion abnormalities with regional fibrosis and edema	JMHW
Soussan et al. [15]	2013	France	35 consecutive biopsy-proven sarcoidosis patients with a suspicion of CS	ECGHolterUCGPET; /CTSPECT; (if performed)	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI spared the subendocardium and remained limited to the middle or epicardial portion of the myocardic wall or transmural	JMHW
Yokoyama et al. [17]	2015	Japan	125 consecutive patients with suspected CS	sACE; C-reactive protein; BNP; ECG (if needed); UCG (if needed); PET myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (if needed)	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI	JMHW
Kouranos et al. [14]	2017	Greece and the United Kingdom	321 consecutive biopsy-proven sarcoidosis patients (all Caucasians)	ECG; Holter; UCG; BNP; sACE; 67Gallium scintigraphy (within 3 months) chest Radiograph (within 3 months) pulmonary Function tests (within 3 months)	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI and regional wall motion abnormalities	HRS consensus criteria and JMHW
Stanton et al. [16]	2017	Australia	46 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis	ECG; UCG; Holter (if performed); exercise stress tests (if performed); PET (if performed)	Hyperenhancement on DE-MRI	JMHW

ECG: electrocardiogram; UCG: ultrasound cardiogram; SPECT: perfusion single photon emission computed tomography; DE-MRI: delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging; JMHW: the guidelines of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare; sACE: serum angiotensin-converting enzyme; 18F-FDG: 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide.