Distance to Specialist Medical Care and Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Rural Saskatchewan
Table 2
Results of multivariable log-binomial regression modeling likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms in the absence of a sleep apnea diagnosis in the study sample.
Variable
Unadjusted model RR (95% CI)
Adjusted modela RR (95% CI)
value
Exposure
Travel distance to specialist medical care (km)
<100
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
0.008
100–189
1.09 (0.99, 1.20)
1.08 (0.99, 1.19)
190–249
1.13 (1.02, 1.25)
1.10 (1.00, 1.21)
≥250
1.19 (1.08, 1.30)
1.17 (1.07, 1.29)
Potential confoundersb
Age (years)
18–45
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
<0.001
46–55
1.28 (1.17, 1.40)
1.18 (1.08, 1.28)
56–65
1.35 (1.23, 1.48)
1.20 (1.10, 1.32)
>65
0.98 (0.88, 1.08)
0.91 (0.81, 1.01)
Sex
Females
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
<0.001
Males
1.63 (1.53, 1.73)
1.47 (1.37, 1.57)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Normal (<25)
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
<0.001
Overweight (25–29.9)
1.53 (1.39, 1.67)
1.35 (1.23, 1.48)
Obese (≥30)
1.87 (1.71, 2.04)
1.59 (1.45, 1.74)
Money left over at the end of the month
Some
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
0.32
Just enough
0.95 (0.87, 1.03)
0.94 (0.87, 1.02)
Not enough
1.05 (0.97, 1.15)
0.99 (0.91, 1.08)
Education level
Postsecondary
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
0.73
Secondary or less
1.11 (1.04, 1.18)
1.01 (0.95, 1.08)
Heavy alcohol consumption, more than 5 drinks on one occasion
Never
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
0.03
1/month or less
1.15 (1.07, 1.23)
1.00 (0.93, 1.07)
1/week or less
1.44 (1.31, 1.58)
1.14 (1.04, 1.25)
More than 1/week
1.40 (1.16, 1.68)
1.03 (0.86, 1.24)
Smoking status
Never
1.00 (referent)
1.00 (referent)
<0.001
Past
1.29 (1.20, 1.38)
1.16 (1.09, 1.25)
Current
1.29 (1.17, 1.42)
1.20 (1.09, 1.32)
aModel adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, money left over at the end of the month, education level, heavy alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Standard errors corresponding to confidence intervals were inflated to account for clustering of adults within households. bModels adjusted for the other 6 potential confounders and travel distance to specialist medical care. Standard errors corresponding to confidence intervals were inflated to account for clustering of adults within households.
