Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Spirometry results comparing waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers

Parameters^¥	WP smoker (n = 150)	Nonsmokers (n = 150)	value
FEV1	3.96 (±0.7)	4.19 (±0.8)	<0.001
FEV1%	95.9 (±8.5)	100.5 (±9.3)	0.002
FVC	4.6 (±0.9)	4.7 (±0.9)	0.935
FVC%	95.0 (±8.8)	96.5 (±10.1)	0.194
PEF	8.4 (±1.8)	9.2 (±1.8)	0.002
PEF%	94.4 (±11.6)	104.4 (±12.0)	<0.001
FEV1/FVC	85.9 (±5.7)	88.7 (±4.8)	<0.001
FEV1/FVC%	101.5 (±6.8)	104.7 (±4.5)	0.002
FEF25–75	4.3 (±1.0)	4.9 (±1.0)	<0.001
FEF25–75%	96.2 (±18.7)	109.7 (±18.4)	<0.001

^¥Values are presented in mean ± SD. Adjusted values were obtained using linear regression.