Research Article

High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients with Heart Failure after Extubation: An Observational Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients in the HFNC and NPPV groups.

CharacteristicsHFNC (n = 58)NPPV (n = 46) value

Age, years74.5 (63.8–82.3)72.5 (61.8–79)0.366
Male, n37 (63.8)28 (60.9)0.76
Smoke, n24 (41.4)18 (39.1)0.816
BMI, kg/m223.03 (19.7–25.1)23.39 (20.9–27.3)0.214
APACHE II at ICU admission, point21 (16.8–27)24 (18–30)0.074
Echocardiography
LVEF, %33.55 (26.6–41.2)35.4 (27.9–41.1)0.456
Systolic heart failure (LVEF < 40%), n42 (72.4)33 (71.1)0.939
Moderate to severe VHD, n26 (44.8)25 (54.3)0.335
Diagnosis of admission
Cardiac arrest, n4 (6.9)3 (6.5)>0.99
Pneumonia, n25 (43.1)15 (32.6)0.275
Exacerbated COPD, n1 (1.7)2 (4.3)0.582
Acute decompensated heart failure, n11 (19)14 (30.4)0.174
Acute coronary syndrome, n4 (6.9)4 (8.7)0.730
Extrapulmonary sepsis, n8 (13.8)4 (8.7)0.419
Cardiac-thoracic surgery, n1 (1.7)2 (4.3)0.582
Others: emergency surgery, n1 (1.7)2 (4.3)0.582
Others, n3 (5.2)00.253
Comorbidities
Hypertension, n39 (67.2)37 (80.4)0.132
Coronary artery disease, n27 (46.6)19 (41.3)0.593
Cerebrovascular disease, n13 (22.4)9 (19.6)0.724
Obstructive lung disease, n9 (15.5)11 (23.9)0.281
Diabetes mellitus, n36 (62.1)22 (47.8)0.146
Chronic kidney disease, n24 (41.1)12 (26.1)0.104
Cancer, n6 (10.3)3 (6.5)0.728
Weaning status
RSBI, cycles/min/L59 (39.1–77.8)74.65 (51.2–99.3)0.055
Pimax, cmH2O40 (36–55.5)48 (40–64)0.1
Pemax, cmH2O50 (36–80)68 (40–118)0.135
Minute ventilation, L/min9 (7.2–10.7)8.33 (6.1–10.6)0.371
Cuff leak test, ml284 (184.8–352.5)246 (131.5–346.5)0.286
Duration of MV before extubation, days9.5 (5.8–14)8.5 (5–12)0.539
GCS in the day of extubation, score14 (13–15)15 (13–15)0.057
Initial setting of HFNC/NPPV
HFNC flow, L/min49.4 ± 6.15
NPPV inspiratory pressure, cmH2O13.43 ± 2.55
NPPV PEEP level, cmH2O7.3 ± 0.96
Initial FiO2, %41.91 ± 9.7135.07 ± 4.940.449
The length of HFNC/NPPV use, hours25.5 (20–68.5)20.5 (2.75–71.75)0.149

Values are mean ± SD, median (Q1-Q3), or number (percentage %). APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; MV, mechanical ventilation; NPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; PEEP, positive end expiatory pressure; Pemax, maximum expiratory pressure; Pimax, maximum inspiratory pressure; RSBI, rapid shallow breathing index; VHD, valvular heart disease .