Age- and Sex-Specific In-Hospital Mortality after Myocardial Infarction in Routine Clinical Practice

Table 2

Descriptive summary statistics by NIS year and sex: acute MI hospitalizations, age ≥65 years.

	Year 1997-1998		Year 1999-2000		Year 2001-2002		Year 2003-2004		Year 2005-2006
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Demographic characteristics	𝑁=471,238	𝑁=436,874	𝑁=469,844	𝑁=451,786	𝑁=473,381	𝑁=465,064	𝑁=436,054	𝑁=428,289	𝑁=396,588	𝑁=382,075
Age^†, mean	75.4	78.2	75.9	78.8	76.3	79.2	76.5	79.4	76.6	79.7
White	70.6%	68.6%	68.3%	66.1%	62.3%	60.5%	60.3%	58.8%	61.8%	60.2%
Black	3.9%	5.4%	4.0%	5.6%	3.9%	5.4%	4.4%	6.2%	3.8%	5.6%
*Other race	5.8%	5.4%	6.5%	6.1%	7.3%	6.8%	8.5%	8.1%	8.5%	8.0%
Unknown race^†	19.6%	20.6%	21.2%	22.2%	26.6%	27.3%	26.7%	26.9%	25.9%	26.2%
Primary payer
Medicare	84.1%	88.1%	85.6%	89.7%	86.8%	90.6%	88.4%	91.7%	88.0%	91.9%
Medicaid	1.0%	1.4%	1.2%	1.6%	1.2%	1.5%	1.1%	1.6%	1.0%	1.4%
Private	13.4%	9.5%	11.6%	7.6%	10.4%	6.9%	8.9%	5.7%	9.2%	5.7%
**Other	1.6%	1.0%	1.7%	1.2%	1.5%	1.0%	1.6%	1.1%	1.8%	1.0%
Charlson’s comorbidity index
1	30.8%	26.8%	28.9%	25.1%	28.2%	24.3%	26.1%	22.0%	24.4%	20.8%
2	31.3%	34.2%	31.1%	33.6%	29.9%	32.7%	29.7%	32.2%	27.0%	29.8%
3	20.1%	22.5%	20.8%	23.4%	21.1%	23.5%	21.8%	24.5%	20.4%	23.3%
≥4	17.8%	16.5%	19.2%	17.9%	20.8%	19.5%	22.4%	21.2%	28.2%	26.0%
Cardiovascular Comorbid condition
Atrial atrial fibrillation /flutter^†	22.2%	21.6%	22.7%	22.0%	23.2%	23.0%	23.8%	23.2%	24.4%	24.6%
Cerebrovascular disease	7.4%	8.2%	7.4%	8.4%	7.0%	8.1%	7.0%	8.2%	6.9%	8.2%
Chronic pulmonary disease	21.4%	17.6%	23.3%	19.5%	24.3%	21.6%	25.0%	23.4%	26.1%	25.6%
Congestive heart failure	38.9%	46.3%	39.2%	46.6%	39.0%	46.1%	40.7%	48.1%	40.6%	48.0%
Diabetes with complication^†	3.4%	3.8%	3.7%	4.0%	3.9%	4.0%	4.2%	4.0%	4.1%	4.0%
Diabetes without complication	23.2%	25.8%	24.5%	26.8%	25.6%	26.9%	26.6%	27.8%	27.3%	27.8%
Hypertension	45.4%	53.9%	49.7%	57.5%	54.3%	61.4%	59.0%	65.1%	63.5%	69.0%
Peripheral vascular disease	9.0%	7.2%	9.6%	7.7%	10.1%	8.3%	10.8%	9.0%	11.6%	9.6%
Renal disease	6.7%	5.6%	7.7%	6.5%	9.2%	7.6%	10.5%	8.7%	17.8%	14.2%
Valvular disease	15.5%	18.8%	13.3%	17.2%	14.1%	17.7%	14.8%	18.3%	16.8%	20.5%
Number of procedures performed
0-1	41.6%	49.0%	40.9%	49.6%	38.0%	47.2%	35.4%	44.8%	32.4%	42.5%
2-3	23.0%	22.0%	20.8%	19.9%	18.4%	18.3%	17.2%	17.8%	15.1%	15.9%
4-5	18.0%	15.4%	17.9%	14.9%	18.0%	15.0%	18.2%	15.5%	14.2%	12.6%
≥6	17.5%	13.7%	20.5%	15.7%	25.6%	19.5%	29.3%	22.0%	38.3%	28.9%
Type of procedure performed
3722/8856/8853—left heart cardiac Catheterization/Coronary Arteriography/angiocardiography of left heart structures	42.46%	34.48%	43.52%	34.84%	47.73%	38.52%	50.35%	40.62%	53.86%	43.90%
3601 and 3602—single vessel PTCA or coronary Atherectomy with or without mention of thrombolytic agent	16.88%	14.38%	18.03%	14.81%	21.79%	17.59%	23.97%	19.15%	23.44%	18.71%
3606/3607—insertion of nondrug/Drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s)	12.76%	10.34%	17.80%	14.39%	22.47%	18.05%	26.06%	20.67%	30.52%	24.12%
9920^†—injection or infusion of platelet inhibitor	0.3%	0.2%	7.4%	5.8%	13.3%	10.0%	14.7%	11.3%	14.3%	10.7%
3961—extracorporeal circulation auxiliary to open heart surgery	10.3%	6.9%	9.2%	5.5%	8.8%	5.4%	8.6%	4.9%	7.8%	4.4%
3615—single internal mammary-coronary artery bypass	8.4%	4.8%	8.5%	4.7%	8.9%	5.0%	8.6%	4.6%	9.1%	4.8%
8872^†—diagnostic ultrasound of heart (Echo, TEE)	6.8%	7.5%	5.8%	6.0%	5.2%	5.2%	6.0%	6.1%	6.1%	6.0%
No procedure performed	31.1%	37.5%	31.1%	38.5%	29.4%	37.1%	26.8%	34.4%	24.4%	32.5%
LOS, median days	4.3	4.6	3.9	4.3	3.7	4.1	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.8

*includes Hispanic, Asian Pacific Islander, Native American, and other
**includes no pay, self-pay, and other
^†indicates 𝑃>.05 (not significant) as follows: (a) Age for all year groups, (b) Unknown race: Year 2001-2002, Year 2003-2004, and Year 2005-2006, (c) Procedure 9920 for Year 1997-1998, (d) Procedure 8872 for all year groups, (e) Diabetes with complication Year 2001-2002 and Year 2005-2006 (f) Atrial fib Year 2001-2002 and Year 2005-2006.