Cardiology Research and Practice

Review Article

Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor and Vascular Function

Table 2

Human vascular territories with characterized EDHF activity.
Vascular territoryEDHFPharmacological agents used
Preclinical studies
Coronary arterioles [8, 9, 29, 73, 118]H2O2, K + C a  channels, CYP450 metabolitesCatalase, KCl, charybdotoxin + Apamin, polyethylene glycol catalase, KCl, charybdotoxin, 7-octadecynoic acid
Internal Mammary artery [6, 62]11,12-EET17-octadecynoic acid, N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide4,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid
Gastroepiploic arteries [4] K + C a   channelsKCl
Mesenteric artery [66, 119]H2O2, Gap junctions, superoxide dismutase, H2O2Catalase, 18 alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, Tiron (cell-permeable SOD-mimetic), catalase
Renal artery [10]K+, K + C a   channelsKCl, charybdotoxin, and apamin
Subcutaneous resistance arteries [7]CYP450 metabolites, K + C a   channelsKetoconazole
Subcutaneous resistance arteries [120] (subcutaneous fat biopsies of healthy pregnant women)Connexin 43 Gap junctions.Connexin mimetic peptides
Visceral fat arteriolesH2O2Polyethylene glycol catalase
Umbilical vein endothelial cells [85, 121] S K + C a channels, I K + C a channels, H2O2Apamin and charybdotoxin/triarylmethane-34
Thyroid arteries [122] K + C a channels, K + I R channels, Na+/K+ ATPaseIberiotoxin, charybdotoxin, apamin glibenclamide, and barium
Clinical studies
Forearm microvasculature [63]CYP450 metabolitesKCL, miconazole
Forearm microvasculature [30, 32, 123] K + C a channelsTEA
Forearm microvasculature [124]C-type natriuretic peptideC-type natriuretic peptide, TEA
Forearm microvasculature [104] (hypertensive patients)CYP450 2C9Sulfaphenazole
Forearm conductance vessel [31, 125, 126]CYP 2C9 metabolites, K + C a channelsSulfaphenazole, TEA, fluconazole
Thigh skeletal muscle vessels [127]CYP450 2C9Sulfaphenazole
H2O2: Hydrogen Peroxide, K+: potassium, S K + C a : small calcium-dependent potassium channels, I K + C a : intermediate calcium-dependent potassium channels, K + I R : inwardly rectifying potassium channels, KCL: potassium chloride, CYP: cytochrome, and EETs: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids.