Renal Function but Not Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is Independently Associated with Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Characteristics, L-Arginine, and asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine according to the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy.
No retinopathy
Retinopathy
value
60
67
Female
19 (31.7%)
30 (44.8%)
.130
Proliferative retinopathy
32 (47.8%)
Macrovascular Disease
30 (50.0%)
38 (56.7%)
.449
Smokers
25 (42.4%)
10 (19.2%)
.009
Age (years)
62 (54–69)
64 (56–73)
.051
Diabetes duration (years)
9 (4–16)
14 (10–17)
.027
HbA1c (%)
8.0 (7.0–9.0)
7.4 (7.0–8.1)
.127
Body mass index (kg/m2)
29.2 (26.4–32.3)
29.7 (25.8–34.2)
.529
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
141 (134–157)
144 (129–163)
.891
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
83 (77–90)
80 (73–91)
.164
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
188 (157–213)
193 (164–218)
.686
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
94 (74–129)
90 (69–116)
.300
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
44 (36–50)
50 (43–56)
.020
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
175 (115–265)
194 (147–284)
.276
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2)
79 (59–100)
59 (43–78)
<.001
L-Arginine (μmol/L)
74 (62–94)
82 (63–119)
.359
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (μmol/L)
0.55 (0.48–0.67)
0.62 (0.53–0.96)
.011
Symmetric dimethylarginine (μmol/L)
0.49 (0.43–0.63)
0.61 (0.48–0.92)
.005
Categorical variables are presented as counts (%) and continuous variables are presented as medians (interquartile range); the -test and Mann-Whitney have been applied for comparisons between the groups.
