Current Ablation Strategies for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

<table>Three-dimensional reconstruction of the left atrium using the CARTO 3 map system (Biosence Webster, USA) showing large circumferential ablation lesions around both ipsilateral veins along with roof and anterior lines. LAA: left atrial appendage; LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein.</table>

Cardiology Research and Practice

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Current Ablation Strategies for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation 