Metabolic Syndrome and Renal Injury

Table 1

OR of CKD in MetS: population-based studies.

(a)

(b)

Study	Ethnicity	Adjusted risk factors		OR (95% CI)
(1) Hoehner et al.; 2002 [13]	Americans	Age	+	1.8 (1.1–2.3)~2.3 (1.1–4.9); difference insulin resistance syndrome trait; powerful traits; hypertension, impair fasting glucose
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(2) Chen et al. 2004 [14]	American adults	Age	+	2.60 (1.68–4.03)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(3) Kurella et al. 2005 [22]	Americans	Age	+	1.24 (1.01–1.51)
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM	+
(4) Choi et al. 2006 [23]	Korean	Age	+	1.53 (1.13–2.07); Powerful traits; TG and waist circumference
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM
(5) Ninomiya et al. 2006 [24]	Japanese	Age	+	2.08 (1.23–3.52)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(6) Tanaka et al. 2006 [25]	Japanese	Age	+	1.54 (1.28–1.85)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(7) Chen et al. 2007 [26]	Chinese adults	Age	+	1.64 (1.16–1.32)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(8) Hao et al. 2007 [27]	Japanese	Age	+	1.99 (1.49–2.66)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(9) Rashidi et al. 2007 [28]	Americans	Age	+	0.93 (0.45–1.92)
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM
(10) Tozawa et al. 2007 [29]	Japanese	Age	+	1.86 (1.43–2.41)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(11) Zhang et al. 2007 [30]	Chinese	Age	+	2.03 (1.05–3.94)
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM	+
(12) Kawamoto et al.; 2008 [31]	Japanese	Age	+	1.53 (1.1–2.13)
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM	+
(13) Lucove et al. 2008 [7]	American Indians	Age	+	1.3 (1.0–1.6)
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(14) Luk et al. 2008 [32]	Hong Kong	Age	+	1.31 (1.12–1.54); Powerful traits; central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia,; hypertension, and low BMI were independent predictors for CKD.
		Sex	+
		HTN
		DM
(15) Ryu et al. 2009 [17]	Korean	Age	+	1.83 (1.34–2.49); Powerful traits; increased TG and LDL cholesterol levels were associated with significantly increased risk of CKD
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM	+
(16) Sun et al. 2010 [12]	nondiabetc Taiwanese	Age	+	ATP-III-MetS1.3 (1.24–1.36); IDF –MetS 1.37 (1.30–1.44)
		Sex	+
		HTN	+
		DM	+