Increased Left Ventricular Stiffness Impairs Exercise Capacity in Patients with Heart Failure Symptoms Despite Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Table 3
Indices of conventional and TDI echocardiography (variable expressed as median [25–75% quartile]).
Patient population ()
DHF ()
noDHF ()
P
LVEF, %
62 [55–70]
61 [53–69]
63 [55–73]
.512
Mitral flow
, m/s
0.81 [0.69–0.96]
0.87 [0.73–1.02]
0.7 [0.6–0.85]
.036
, m/s
0.66 [0.51–0.76]
0.7 [0.6–0.8]
0.56 [0.42–0.7]
.013
1.25 [1.05–1.51]
1.21 [1.01–1.51]
1.29 [1.17–1.52]
.424
DT, ms
179 [139–211]
185 [142–224]
180 [156–190]
.412
IVRT, ms
91 [85–103]
92 [85–110]
91 [88–97]
.591
TDI
sep, m/s
0.05 [0.04–0.08]
0.06 [0.04–0.08]
0.05 [0.04–0.07]
.752
sep, m/s
0.09 [0.08–0.12]
0.09 [0.05–0.09]
0.12 [0.11–0.13]
.001
sep, m/s
0.06 [0.05–0.07]
0.06 [0.04–0.07]
0.06 [0.05–0.07]
.712
sep
8.46 [6.55–13.08]
10.83 [8.40–16.05]
5.98 [4.76–6.88]
<.001
lat, m/s
0.05 [0.04–0.07]
0.05 [0.04–0.07]
0.05 [0.04–0.08]
.958
lat, m/s
0.11 [0.08–0.13]
0.1 [0.06–0.12]
0.12 [0.08–0.14]
.139
lat, m/s
0.04 [0.03–0.07]
0.05 [0.03–0.07]
0.04 [0.03–0.07]
.792
lat
7.6 [6.26–9.8]
8.69 [6.62–13.46]
6.26 [5.39–7.56]
.007
LVEF indicates left ventricular ejection fraction; , ratio of early () to late () mitral flow peak velocities; DT, deceleration time of early mitral flow; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; , systolic; , early; and , late diastolic peak velocities of mitral annulus at lateral site; , ratio of to ; , LV filling index; sep, septal; lat, lateral.
