TY - JOUR A2 - Aihara, Ken Ichi AU - Raimundo, Mário AU - Lopes, José António PY - 2011 DA - 2011/02/20 TI - Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Dynamic and Life-Threatening Triad SP - 747861 VL - 2011 AB - The metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have both become global public health problems, with increasing social and economic impact due to their high prevalence and remarkable impact on morbidity and mortality. The causality between MS and CKD, and its clinical implications, still does remain not completely understood. Moreover, prophylactic and therapeutic interventions do need to be properly investigated in this field. Herein, we critically review the existing clinical evidence that associates MS with renal disease and cardiovascular disease, as well as the associated pathophysiologic mechanisms and actual treatment options. SN - 2090-8016 UR - https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/747861 DO - 10.4061/2011/747861 JF - Cardiology Research and Practice PB - SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research KW - ER -