The Emerging Role of TLR and Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease

Figure 2

Cardiac I/R injury activates multiple inflammatory pathways such as complement, coagulation, and/or innate immune cells by binding of danger signals via expressed TLR. LMW-DXS: low molecular weight dextran sulfate, HMGB1: high-mobility group protein box 1, HSP: heat shock proteins.