Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation Changes Fatty Acid Composition and Corrects Endothelial Dysfunction in Hyperlipidemic Patients

Table 3

Effects of EPA on blood biochemical parameters.

	Normolipidemic (𝑛=18)	Hyperlipidemic (𝑛=16)
		0M	1M	3M
Glucose, mg/dL	92 ± 10	121 ± 32**	115 ± 32**	114 ± 26**
Insulin, μU/mL	6.65 ± 4.74	8.59 ± 3.89	10.34 ± 5.29	6.64 ± 2.93
HbA1c, % (NGSP)	5.49 ± 0.34	6.90 ± 1.48**	6.67 ± 1.40**	6.90 ± 1.70**
HOMA-IR	1.55 ± 1.19	2.78 ± 1.88*	3.19 ± 2.34*	2.21 ± 1.36
HOMA-B	82 ± 48	60 ± 26	78 ± 31	56 ± 30
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	178 ± 24	243 ± 29***	244 ± 26***	232 ± 32***
Triglycerides, mg/dL	95 ± 47	209 ± 92***	204 ± 144***	216 ± 138***
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	55 ± 15	53 ± 13	58 ± 13	52 ± 13
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	105 ± 21	148 ± 35***	156 ± 31***	145 ± 40***
Free fatty acids, mmol/L	0.67 ± 0.29	0.68 ± 0.24	0.68 ± 0.16	0.59 ± 0.16
ApoA1, mg/dL	137 ± 21	142 ± 27	149 ± 24	143 ± 22
ApoA2, mg/dL	24 ± 5	29 ± 5*	29 ± 5*	29 ± 5*
ApoB, mg/dL	85 ± 10	121 ± 16***	130 ± 21***	125 ± 26***
ApoC2, mg/dL	2.00 ± 1.66	9.09 ± 5.86**	6.08 ± 2.97**	8.35 ± 4.50**
ApoC3, mg/dL	7.08 ± 1.68	12.53 ± 5.60**	13.37 ± 6.19**	13.99 ± 6.05**
ApoE, mg/dL	3.87 ± 1.09	6.20 ± 1.95***	6.75 ± 2.54***	6.72 ± 2.25***
A1/B	1.63 ± 0.33	1.21 ± 0.33	1.93 ± 2.78	1.80 ± 2.49
RLP cholesterol, mg/dL	4.1 ± 3.3	7.5 ± 3.2*	7.0 ± 3.6*	7.4 ± 4.0*
RLP triglycerides, mg/dL	16 ± 14	36 ± 20*	32 ± 28	32 ± 29
MDA-LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	94 ± 21	165 ± 53***	175 ± 57***	152 ± 47***
White blood cells, /𝜇L	6157 ± 1509	6880 ± 2932	6513 ± 2600	6455 ± 2314
Fibrinogen, mg/dL	298 ± 53	372 ± 64*	386 ± 96*	362 ± 31
Serum amyloid A (SAA), mg/dL	3.00 ± 0.78	11.44 ± 10.93*	6.19 ± 6.06	5.65 ± 3.29
High-sensitive C-reactive protein, μg/mL	531 ± 441	4912 ± 4638*	2215 ± 3326	2795 ± 3247

Mean ± SD, *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001 versus normolipidemic. 0M, 1M, and 3M: baseline and 1 and 3 months after EPA treatment.