Vitamin D Predicts All-Cause and Cardiac Mortality in Females with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Comparison with Brain Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of male patients arranged according to quartiles of 25(OH)D.

Characteristics 𝑛 (%)	Quartiles of 25(OH)D				𝑃-value
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
25(OH)D (nM)*	34.3±5.4	48.7±3.1	59.3±2.9	75.3±12.5	0.000
Age, years*	65.3±13.0	59.5±13.3	57.1±12.4	56.9±13.0	0.000
Smoking status, 𝑛 (%)					0.891
Current smoker, 𝑛 (%)	53 (37.3)	46 (32.2)	48 (33.1)	43 (29.7)
Past smoker, 𝑛 (%)	55 (38.7)	62 (43.4)	63 (43.4)	63 (43.4)
Never smoked, 𝑛 (%)	34 (23.9)	35 (24.5)	34 (23.4)	39 (26.9)
Angina pectoris, 𝑛 (%)	33 (22.6)	41 (27.9)	39 (26.5)	30 (20.4)	0.414
CHF, 𝑛 (%)
Killip class 2–4	32 (21.9)	16 (10.9)	19 (12.9)	27 (18.4)	0.040
CABG, 𝑛 (%)	10 (7.0)	14 (9.7)	5 (3.4)	8 (5.5)	0.174
PCI, 𝑛 (%)	22 (15.1)	15 (10.2)	17 (11.6)	16 (10.9)	0.581
Hypertension, 𝑛 (%)	102 (69.9)	83 (56.5)	80 (54.4)	91 (61.9)	0.033
History of DM 1, 𝑛 (%)	4 (2.8)	5 (3.4)	2 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	0.138
History of DM 2, 𝑛 (%)	43 (30.3)	35 (24.1)	23 (15.9)	18 (12.4)	0.001
STEMI, 𝑛 (%)	27 (18.9)	21 (14.7)	25 (17.2)	31 (21.2)	0.527
TnT release, 𝑛 (%)	78 (53.4)	56 (38.1)	64 (43.5)	60 (40.8)	0.047
eGFR (μmol L^−1)*	80.6±33.1	86.5±26.3	85.2±22.3	79.8±25.1	0.089
Cholesterol^†/statin, 𝑛 (%)	28 (19.2)	21 (14.3)	22 (15.0)	21 (14.3)	0.606
Beta-blocker, 𝑛 (%)	37 (25.9)	44 (30.3)	37 (25.7)	35 (24.1)	0.661
Known CHD, 𝑛 (%)	56 (38.9)	63 (43.4)	50 (34.2)	49 (33.3)	0.255
BMI (kg/m^2)*	28.1±4.4	27.9±3.8	29.1±3.8	28.1±3.6	0.057
BNP quartiles					0.014
Q1	34 (23.3)	36 (24.5)	44 (29.9)	33 (22.4)
Q2	29 (19.9)	39 (26.5)	33 (22.4)	45 (30.6)
Q3	29 (19.9)	36 (24.5)	42 (28.6)	40 (27.2)
Q4	54 (37.0)	36 (24.5)	28 (19.0)	29 (19.7)
hsCRP quartiles					0.009
Q1	20 (13.9)	38 (25.9)	42 (28.6)	43 (29.3)
Q2	30 (20.8)	43 (29.3)	36 (24.5)	39 (26.5)
Q3	46 (31.9)	38 (25.9)	31 (21.1)	33 (22.4)
Q4	48 (33.3)	28 (19.0)	38 (25.9)	32 (21.8)

∗Mean ± SD
^†Concentration > 250 mg/dL.
SD: standard deviation; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CHF: congestive heart failure; MI: myocardial infarction; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; DM: diabetes mellitus; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; TnT: troponin T; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CHD: coronary heart disease; BMI: body mass index; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; and hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.