Current Status of Sodium Bicarbonate in Coronary Angiography: An Updated Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Table 3

Subgroup analysis for clinical outcomes.

Subgroup	Studies ()	Odd ratio or SMD (95% CI)	value
S.G.A for CIN according to OR
Age
≤65	11	0.770 (0.582–1.019)	0.068
>65	16	0.765 (0.602–0.973)	0.029
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	9	0.708 (0.535–0.937)	0.016
>30	14	0.774 (0.581–1.031)	0.080
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	9	0.902 (0.692–1.174)	0.442
Low-osmolality	18	0.663 (0.514–0.853)	0.001
Procedure
Elective	23	0.869 (0.710–1.065)	0.176
Emergency	4	0.447 (0.290–0.687)	0.000
S.G.A for hemodialysis according to OR
Age
≤65	2	0.486 (0.088–2.697)	0.409
>65	8	1.177 (0.540–2.564)	0.681
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	2	0.489 (0.088–2.702)	0.412
>30	7	0.918 (0.387–2.180)	0.847
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	4	2.459 (0.704–8.583)	0.158
Low-osmolality	6	0.594 (0.238–1.484)	0.265
Procedure
Elective	8	1.425 (0.629–2.226)	0.396
Emergency	2	0.307 (0.060–1.572)	0.156
S.G.A for mortality according to OR
Age
≤65	2	0.885 (0.336–2.331)	0.804
>65	6	0.667 (0.341–1.303)	0.236
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	4	0.681 (0.339–1.368)	0.280
>30	3	0.902 (0.352–2.311)	0.830
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	3	1.136 (0.444–2.906)	0.791
Low-osmolality	5	0.578 (0.290–1.151)	0.119
Procedure
Elective	5	1.202 (0.618–2.339)	0.588
Emergency	3	0.199 (0.059–0.672)	0.009
S.G.A for length of hospital stay according to SMD
Age
≤65	4	−0.104 (−0.247 to 0.039)	0.153
>65	1	0.075 (−0.436 to 0.585)	0.774
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	2	−0.240 (−0.526 to 0.047)	0.101
>30	3	−0.047 (−0.204 to 0.110)	0.560
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	All studies were low osmolality	All studies were low osmolality	All studies were low osmolality
Low-osmolality
Procedure
Elective	4	−0.104 (−0.247 to 0.039)	0.153
Emergency	1	0.075 (−0.436 to 0.585)	0.774
S.G.A for adverse events according to OR
Age
≤65	1	0966 (0.187–4.987)	0.961
>65	3	1.093 (0.574–2.081)	0.787
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	1	0.817 (0.273–2.431)	0.713
>30	2	0.625 (0.238–1.643)	0.340
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	1	3.388 (0.918–12.509)	0.067
Low-osmolality	3	0.701 (0.340–1.443)	0.334
Procedure
Elective	3	1.213 (0.590–2.490)	0.601
Emergency	1	0.841 (0.273–2.431)	0.713
S.G.A mean changes of serum creatinine to SMD
Age
≤65	2	−0.053 (−0.253 to 0.147)	0.605
>65	3	0.036 (−0.134 to 0.206)	0.677
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	1	−0.156 (−0.397 to 0.085)	0.206
>30	4	0.062 (−0.092 to 0.215)	0.432
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	1	−0.156 (−0.397 to 0.085)	0.206
Low-osmolality	4	0.062 (−0.092 to 0.215)	0.432
Procedure
Elective	All studies had elective procedure	All studies had elective procedure	All studies had elective procedure
Emergency
S.G.A for mean changes of sodium bicarbonate according to SMD
Age
≤65	All studies had age more than 65 years	All studies had age more than 65 years	All studies had age more than 65 years
>65
Diabetic mellitus
≤30	—	—	—
>30	4	1.248 (1.058 to 1.439)	0.000
Radiocontrast
Iso-osmolality	2	0.622 (0.449 to 0.795)	0.000
Low-osmolality	3	1.120 (0.889 to 1.352)	0.000
Procedure
Elective	4	0.797 (0.654 to 0.941)	0.000
Emergency	1	0.843 (0.310 to 1.376)	0.002