The Modification Effect of Influenza Vaccine on Prognostic Indicators for Cardiovascular Events after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Observations from an Influenza Vaccination Trial

Table 2

Patients’ characteristics of composite outcomes of hospitalization (ACS, HF, or stroke), hospitalization due to ACS, and hospitalization due to HF.

Characteristics	Event-free (B); ()		Composite hospitalization; ()		P value	Event-free (C); ()		Hospitalization due to ACS; ()		Hospitalization due to HF; ()		P value
		%		%			%		%		%
Age (year)
≤65	196	50.3	23	46.9	0.762	197	50.4	17	50.0	5	35.7	0.616
>65	194	49.7	26	53.1		194	49.6	17	50.0	9	64.3
Male	223	57.2	26	53.1	0.647	224	57.3	20	58.8	5	35.7	0.306
HT	231	59.2	34	69.4	0.215	232	59.3	23	67.7	10	71.4	0.495
DM	116	29.7	18	36.7	0.326	116	29.7	11	32.4	7	50.0	0.242
Dyslipidemia	175	44.9	31	63.3	0.022	175	44.8	20	58.8	11	78.6	0.017
COPD	11	2.8	2	4.1	0.646	12	3.1	0	0.0	1	7.1	0.286
Smoking	45	11.5	3	6.1	0.335	45	11.5	3	8.8	0	0.0	0.491
Prior MI	15	3.9	3	6.1	0.439	15	3.8	1	2.9	2	14.3	0.147
CKD	15	3.9	5	10.2	0.060	15	3.8	1	2.9	4	28.6	0.004
SCr (mg/dL)
≤1.1	201	51.5	20	40.8	0.174	202	51.7	16	47.1	3	21.4	0.077
>1.1	189	48.5	29	59.2		189	48.3	18	52.9	11	78.6
Type of ACS
NSTEMI & UA	247	63.3	33	37.4	0.639	248	63.4	22	64.7	10	71.4	0.907
STEMI	143	36.7	16	32.7		143	36.6	12	35.3	4	28.6
Reperfusion or revascularization
					No	146	37.4	18	36.7	1.000	146	37.3	9	26.5	9	64.3	0.054
Yes	244	62.6	31	63.3		245	62.7	25	73.5	5	35.7
LVEF (%)
>40	274	70.3	25	51.0	0.009	274	70.1	22	64.7	3	21.4	0.001
≤40	116	29.7	24	49.0		117	30.0	12	35.3	11	78.6
Medication
Aspirin	379	97.2	48	98.0	1.000	380	97.2	33	97.1	14	100.0	1.000
β-blocker	291	74.6	34	69.4	0.489	291	74.4	25	73.5	9	64.3	0.676
CCB	65	16.7	7	14.3	0.838	65	16.6	5	14.7	2	14.3	1.000
ACE-I/ARB	234	60.0	23	47.0	0.091	235	60.1	17	50.0	5	35.7	0.121
Statin	259	66.4	34	69.4	0.749	260	66.5	24	70.6	9	64.3	0.872
Influenza vaccination	205	52.6	16	32.7	0.010	206	52.7	11	32.4	4	28.6	0.020

DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SCr, serum creatinine; HF, heart failure; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; Composite hospitalization, composite hospitalization due to ACS, HF, or stroke; event-free (B), free events from composite hospitalization due to ACS, HF, or stroke; event-free (C), free events from hospitalization due to ACS or HF.