The Modification Effect of Influenza Vaccine on Prognostic Indicators for Cardiovascular Events after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Observations from an Influenza Vaccination Trial
Table 3
Multivariable hazard ratios stratified by influenza vaccination for each cardiovascular event, which was analyzed by multivariable stratified Cox’s regression analysis.
Prognostic indicators
No vaccination
Influenza vaccination
HR (95% CI)
P value
HR (95% CI)
P value
MACEs
LVEF (%)
≤40
2.07 (1.12–3.82)
0.021
2.37 (1.01–5.59)
0.048
Medication
ACE-I/ARB
0.44 (0.23–0.83)
0.012
1.12 (0.45–2.78)
0.806
Death
Age (year)
>65
10.78 (1.39–83.62)
0.023
2.28 (0.42–12.48)
0.341
Medication
ACE-I/ARB
0.26 (0.07–0.94)
0.041
1.15 (0.21–6.30)
0.870
Composite hospitalization due to ACS, HF, or stroke
LVEF (%)
≤40
2.25 (1.14–4.45)
0.020
2.16 (0.81–5.76)
0.124
Medication
ACE-I/ARB
0.48 (0.24–0.99)
0.046
1.23 (0.43–3.54)
0.701
Hospitalization due to ACS
No indicator was found
Hospitalization due to HF
CKD
5.12 (1.27–20.65)
0.022
24.01 (1.38–417.20)
0.029
LVEF (%)
≤40
7.93 (1.63–38.66)
0.010
8.37 (0.72–97.72)
0.090
Medication
Beta-blocker
1.63 (0.34–7.78)
0.542
0.05 (0.003–0.76)
0.037
MACEs, major adverse cardiovascular events; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; HF, heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
