Recurrent Stroke after Transcatheter PFO Closure in Cryptogenic Stroke or Tia: Long-Term Follow-Up

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics of patients before PFO closure (n = 402).

	N	%
Male	209	52.0
Family history of ASCVD	91	22.6
Cigarette smoking	88	21.4
Former smoker	85	21.1
Dyslipidemia	141	35.1
Hypertension	117	29.1
Diabetes mellitus	8	2.0
Overweight or obesity	47	11.7
ASCVD	51	12.7
Oral contraceptives	36	9.0
Thrombophilia	114	28.6
Prior PE and/or DVT	19	4.7
Prior stroke/TIA (before index event)	61	15.0
Migraine headache	130	32.3
Migraine headache with aura	88	21.9
Palpitations	10	3.6
Index event of stroke	314	78
Cortical infarct on imaging	185	46
RoPE score ≥ 7	152	38
CHA2DS2-Vasc score ≥ 3	251	62
HATCH score ≥ 3	111	28
ATRIA score ≥ 9	244	61

AF, atrial fibrillation; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ATRIA score, Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in AF score [14]; CHA2DS2-VASc score, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years (doubled), Diabetes mellitus, Prior Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism (doubled), Vascular disease, Age 65–74 years, Sex category score [12]; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HATCH score, Risk Factors for Progression to Persistent AF score [13]; n, number; PE, pulmonary embolism; PFO, patent foramen ovale; RoPE score, Risk of Paradoxical Embolism score [11].