|
| Reference | Study type | Population | Methods | Results |
|
| Ozawa et al. [15] | Cohort | 5083 British overweight adult individuals | Validated FFQ; determination of factorial inflammatory loadings for food groups and identified two dietary patterns (pro- or anti-inflammatory) | Dietary pattern considered inflammatory characterized by red meat, fried foods, and lower ingestion of whole grains: ↑ IL-6 |
|
| Kuczmarski et al. [40] | Cohort | 2176 American adult individuals | 24 h recalls; identification of the most consumed foods was grouped according to the similarity of their components and new dietary patterns were created; cluster analysis for definition of ten groups | All patterns displayed elevated (>3 mg/L) CRP, whereas the highest average was that of the “frozen food” pattern (7.2 ± 1.4 mg/L) |
|
| Corley et al. [13] | Cross-sectional (from a cohort) | 792 Scottish elderly eutrophic individuals | Self-applied FFQ; dietary patterns as Mediterranean and conscious (high intake of fruits and carrots and low intake of embedded foods, eggs, pork, and liqueurs) | Highest score of the conscious dietary pattern and higher ingestion of fruits: ↓ CRP; highest score of the Mediterranean dietary pattern: ↓ fibrinogen |
|
| Kong et al. [5] | Case-control | 45 overweight and obese adults | 7-day (for overweight and/obese) and 3-day dietary record (for the control group); three dietary patterns were determined: Group 1 (less healthy, high consumption of beverages and foods high in sugar, fat, and salt); Group 2 (healthier, with higher consumption of water, yogurt, cereals, eggs, and nuts); Group 3 (healthier, with a fiber-rich diet, lower consumption of sugar, fruits, yogurt, and soups) | Group 3: ↓ sDC14, followed by Group 2 and Group 1; Group 3: ↑ DC163; no differences between the groups for the LPS, CRP, and IL-6 concentrations; higher consumption of fruits, green vegetables, and soups ↑ DC163 |
|
| Lee et al. [32] | Cross-sectional | 7574 eutrophic adult individuals | FFQ; 4 dietary patterns determined as standard: fruit, vegetable, meat, and coffee, according to the prevailing food | Highest score for the “vegetable” pattern: ↓ CRP; highest score for the “vegetable” pattern: ↑ ingestion of antioxidants |
|
| Bédard et al. [12] | Clinical trial | 70 Canadian, overweight, adult individuals, with risk of cardiovascular disease | Four weeks following the Mediterranean pattern | Male individuals who displayed CRP values > 3 mg/L displayed a reduction over time; male individuals who displayed reduced CRP values (<3 mg/L), displayed an increase over time; no beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet was observed for both genders |
|
| Abete et al. [49] | Case-control | 51 healthy individuals and 51 individuals with history of stroke | FFQ; 2 dietary patterns determined as “healthy” and “not healthy” | Healthy individuals displayed greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern, as well as ↓ CRP and ↓ leukocytes |
|
| McGeoghegan et al. [44] | Cohort | 1531 healthy and diabetic individuals | 4-day dietary record during 4 years; 2 dietary patterns determined: “1”—higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory loads; “2”—lower antioxidant and anti-inflammatory loads | Dietary pattern “1” was inversely related to the CRP concentrations |
|
