Improved Patient Outcomes by Normalizing Sympathovagal Balance: Differentiating Syncope—Precise Subtype Differentiation Leads to Improved Outcomes

Figure 2

Instantaneous HR, instantaneous breathing, and instantaneous P&S responses (trends) to the standard clinical study from a syncopal, 23-year-old male. Note the instantaneous S-excess (SE, red trace) during the stand challenge (section “F”) of the trends plot (right plot). The SE correlates with the abnormal HR response to stand (left plot). HR remains high during stand, and there is no return to baseline. See text for details and Methods for abbreviations.