Research Article
Relation of Mitral Annulus and Left Atrial Dysfunction to the Severity of Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Table 3
The dynamic changes of the mitral annulus dimensions and geometry during the cardiac systole.
| | | Early-systole | Minimal value | Mid-systole | End-systole | Time to minimum (%) |
| | MA dimensions | | | | | | | | AP diameter (cm) | FMR | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 26 ± 24 | | Controls | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 11 ± 9 | | ALPM diameter (cm) | FMR | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 26 ± 24 | | Controls | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 13 ± 8 | | Commissural diameter (cm) | FMR | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 26 | | Controls | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 13 ± 9 | | MA area 2D (cm2) | FMR | 11.6 ± 3.1 | 11.2 ± 3.1 | 12.2 ± 3.1 | 12.8 ± 3.8 | 20 ± 19 | | Controls | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 9.6 ± 2.0 | 11 ± 6 | | MA area 3D (cm2) | FMR | 11.8 ± 3.2 | 11.4 ± 3.11 | 12.4 ± 3.1 | 13.0 ± 3.2 | 20 ± 18 | | Controls | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 9.8 ± 2.0 | 11 ± 6 | | MA circumference (cm) | FMR | 12.6 ± 1.6 | 12.3 ± 1.6 | 12.9 ± 1.6 | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 21 ± 20 | | Controls | 10.3 ± 1.1 | 10.2 ± 1.1 | 11.2 ± 1.3 | 11.6 ± 1.2 | 11 ± 6 |
| | MA geometry | | | | | | | | Sphericity index | FMR | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 0.75 ± 0.08 | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 41 ± 28 | | Controls | 0.7 ± 0.07 | 0.65 ± 0.06 | 0.7 ± 0.06 | 0.75 ± 0.07 | 20 ± 18 | | NPA (°) | FMR | 162 ± 10 | 153 ± 10 | 157 ± 11 | 159 ± 10 | 48 ± 27 | | Controls | 152 ± 14 | 140 ± 9 | 145 ± 10 | 146 ± 8 | 55 ± 31 | | Annular height (mm) | FMR | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 43 ± 37 | | Control | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 27 ± 33 | | Tenting volume (cm3) | FMR | 6.4 ± 2.3 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 2.1 | 78 ± 18 | | Control | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 78 ± 14 | | Tenting area (cm2) | FMR | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 69 ± 28 | | Control | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 70 ± 24 | | Tenting height (mm) | FMR | 11.5 ± 2.3 | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 10 ± 2.2 | 9.3 ± 2.6 | 84 ± 19 | | Control | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 79 ± 14 | | Angle Ao-AP (°) | FMR | 147 ± 13 | 142 ± 12 | 145 ± 12 | 149 ± 12 | 39 ± 28 | | Control | 137 ± 11 | 123 ± 11 | 130 ± 13 | 124 ± 11 | 24 ± 14 |
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Angle Ao-AP: angle between aorta and the highest plane of mitral annulus; AP: anteroposterior; ALPM: anterolateral-posteromedial; MA: mitral annulus; NPA: nonplanarity angle. Statistical difference with . |
