Effects and Mechanisms of Cutting Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk on Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Canines with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

<div>Cutting upper TST. (a) LSG (yellow arrow) was exposed on the top of the left thoracic cavity. (b) The lower part of LSG was resected (yellow arrow).</div>

Cardiology Research and Practice

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Effects and Mechanisms of Cutting Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk on Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Canines with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation 

Figure 1 | Effects and Mechanisms of Cutting Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk on Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Canines with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation 