Effects and Mechanisms of Cutting Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk on Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Canines with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 4

TH staining of the left atrium in both control group (a) and experimental group (b). (a) The left atrium of the control group seen at high magnification. (b) The left atrium of the experimental group seen at high magnification. TH staining showed that the TH-positive component (red arrows) was significantly decreased in the left atrium of the experimental group compared with that of the control group.

(a)

(b)