Prospective Longitudinal Characterization of the Relationship between Diabetes and Cardiac Structural and Functional Changes
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics.
Variable
Baseline total participants (n = 100)
Follow-up (n = 32)
value
Age, years
61 ± 11
64 ± 11
0.2
BMI, kg/m2
29 ± 4
27 ± 4
0.02
Male, n (%)
82 (82)
29 (91)
0.2
Diabetes duration, years
5.0 ± 4.4
10.9 ± 1.3
0.0001
Smoking, n (%)
6 (6)
2 (6)
0.9
Heart rate, bpm
71 ± 12
68 ± 12
0.2
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
131 ± 15
129 ± 16
0.5
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
73 ± 9
74 ± 7
0.6
Plasma fasting glucose, mmol/L
9.9 ± 4.1
9.4 ± 3.8
0.5
Glycated hemoglobin, mmol/mol
63 ± 20
64 ± 18
0.7
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
4.4 ± 1.1
4.5 ± 1.2
0.7
HDL, mmol/L
1.19 ± 0.35
1.36 ± 0.38
0.03
LDL, mmol/L
2.60 ± 0.98
2.59 ± 1.21
0.9
Medications, n (%)
Metformin
87 (87)
22 (69)
0.01
Sulfonylurea
33 (33)
13 (40)
0.4
Aspirin
18 (18)
9 (28)
0.2
Statin
69 (69)
23 (72)
0.7
ACEI
0 (0)
13 (40)
0.001
ARB
0 (0)
3 (9)
0.0001
Values are mean ± standard deviations or percentages. signifies .n-numbers; BMI-body mass index; kg-kilogram; m-meter; bpm-beats per minute; mmHg-millimeters of mercury; mmol-millimoles; L-liters; mol-moles; HDL-high-density lipoprotein; LDL-low-density lipoprotein; ACEI-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB-angiotensin receptor blocker.
