Zipf's Law, Hierarchical Structure, and Cards-Shuffling Model for Urban Development

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="480196.fig.002a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.002a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>The scaling relation between urban population and city number</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="480196.fig.002b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.002b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>The scaling relation between urban area and city number</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="480196.fig.002c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.002c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>The allometric relation between urban area and population</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>The scaling patterns for the hierarchy of the 452 cities in America (2000).</table>

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: Zipf's Law, Hierarchical Structure, and Cards-Shuffling Model for Urban Development 